热带北太平洋西部固氮速率及固氮微生物组成

In the present study, we report N_2 fixation rate(~(15)N isotope tracer assay) and the diazotroph community structure(using the molecular method) in the western tropical North Pacific Ocean(WTNP)(13°–20°N, 120°–160°E). Our independent evidence on the basis of both in situ N_2 fixation activity and diazotroph community structure showed the dominance of unicellular N_2 fixation over majority of the WTNP surface waters during the sampling periods.Moreover, a shift in the diazotrophic composition from unicellular cyanobacteria group B-dominated to Trichodesmium spp.-dominated toward the western boundary current(Kuroshio) was also observed in 2013. We hypothesize that nutrient availability may have played a major role in regulating the biogeography of N_2 fixation.In surface waters, volumetric N_2 fixation rate(calculated by nitrogen) ranged between 0.6 and 2.6 nmol/(L·d) and averaged(1.2±0.5) nmol/(L·d), with 10 μm size fraction contributed predominantly(88%±6%) to the total rate between 135°E and 160°E. Depth-integrated N_2 fixation rate over the upper 200 m ranged between 150 μmol/(m~2·d)and 480 μmol/(m~2·d)(average(225±105) μmol/(m~2·d). N_2 fixation can account for 6.2%±3.7% of the depthintegrated primary production, suggesting that N_2 fixation is a significant N source sustaining new and export production in the WTNP. The role of N_2 fixation in biogeochemical cycling in this climate change-vulnerable region calls for further investigations.     

楚科奇和西伯利亚陆架颗粒有机物的来源：碳、氮同位素的线索

The stable isotopic composition(δ~(13)C and δ~(15)N) and carbon/nitrogen ratio(C/N) of particulate organic matter(POM) in the Chukchi and East Siberian shelves from July to September, 2016 were measured to evaluate the spatial variability and origin of POM. The δ~(13)C_(POC) values were in the range of -29.5‰ to-17.5‰ with an average of -25.9‰±2.0‰, and the δ~(15)N_(PN) values ranged from 3.9‰ to 13.1‰ with an average of 8.0‰±1.6‰. The C/N ratios in the East Siberian shelf were generally higher than those in the Chukchi shelf, while the δ~(13)C and δ~(15)N values were just the opposite. Abnormally low C/N ratios(4), low δ~(13)C_(POC)(almost-28‰) and high δ~(15)N_(PN)(10‰) values were observed in the Wrangel Island polynya, which was attributed to the early bloom of small phytoplankton. The contributions of terrestrial POM, bloom-produced POM and non-bloom marine POM were estimated using a three end-member mixing model. The spatial distribution of terrestrial POM showed a high fraction in the East Siberian shelf and decreased eastward, indicating the influence of Russian rivers. The distribution of non-bloom marine POM showed a high fraction in the Chukchi shelf with the highest fraction occurring in the Bering Strait and decreased westward, suggesting the stimulation of biological production by the Pacific inflow in the Chukchi shelf. The fractions of bloom-produced POM were highest in the winter polynya and gradually decreased toward the periphery. A negative relationship between the bloom-produced POM and the sea ice meltwater inventory was observed, indicating that the net sea ice loss promotes early bloom in the polynya.Given the high fraction of bloom-produced POM, the early bloom of phytoplankton in the polynyas may play an important role on marine production and POM export in the Arctic shelves.     

运用228Ra-NO-3法测定南沙海域的新生产力

运用MnO2纤维富集-228Ac β计数法测定了南沙海域两个测站3个时间点水柱的228Ra比活度, 得其值介于0.38至 3.60 Bq(m-3. 发现228Ra的分布能满足稳态条件. 采用一维稳态模型, 以228Ra-NO-3法测得测站NS97-43, NS99-53(T1)和NS99-53(T2)的新生产力分别为4.4, 5.1和5.7 mmolC@m-2@d-1. 结合初级生产力的文献报道值, 计算得南沙海域的f比介于0.12～0.15.     

九龙江河口区溶解态、颗粒态铀同位素的地球化学行为

对九龙江河口区枯、丰水期水体中溶解态、颗粒态铀同位素地球化学行为的研究表明,溶解态铀与盐度存在良好的正相关关系,证实枯、丰水期该河口区水体中的铀均是保守行为。在低盐度区域（Ｓ＜１０）,~２３８Ｕ主要以颗粒态形式存在,颗粒态~２３８Ｕ所占份额随盐度增加而降低。~（２３８）Ｕ之条件分配系数介于 １． ２ × １０~３～１． ５ ×１０~５ｄｍ~３／ｋｇ之间,它与盐度呈负相关关系,但与悬浮颗粒物浓度无相关关系存在。枯水期悬浮颗粒物上~２３４Ｕ／~２３８Ｕ_Ａ．Ｒ．与盐度的负相关关系为河口区悬浮颗粒物中~２３４Ｕ的优先沥取理论提供了有力的证据。     

厦门湾水体中铀、钍同位素及悬浮颗粒物的粒径谱--颗粒物采集方法的影响

运用增强型混合纤雏素(CN-CA)膜、聚碳酸酯膜和聚丙烯滤芯过滤3种不同的方法采集、研究厦门湾水体中悬浮颗粒物(SPM)及其U、Th同位素的粒径谱．发现3种方法所得SPM总浓度和U、Th各同位素的总比活度具有很好的一致性,但粒级分布存在差异．SPM的浓度随粒径的增大而增加,并且SPM的粒径谱控制着颗粒活性很强的4种钍同位素的拉径谱．对于所研究的3种方法,采用聚碳酸脂膜过滤是研究沿岸海域SPM及颗粒活性核素粒级分布比较理想的方法。     

Bacterial productivity in the Prydz Bay and its adjacent waters, Antarctic

Bacterial productivity was measured using 3H-thymidine methods in the Prydz Bay and its adjacent waters in the Southern Ocean during the 16th National Antarctic Research Expedition of China (CHINARE). The results showed that bacterial productivity in our study areas ranged from 4.5 to 191 ngC·dm -3·h -1, with an average of 50.4 ngC·dm -3·h -1. These values were comparable to those reported for the Ross Sea. The mean ratio of bacterial productivity to primary productivity in our study areas was 41%. The general characteristics in the vertical profiles showed a subsurface maximum at most of the stations, which was also consistent with those observed in the other sea areas in the Southern Ocean. The spatial distribution of bacterial productivity and dissolved organic carbon in the surface waters showed that their variations were inversely correlative. The relationship among bacterial productivity, primary productivity and dissolved organic carbon suggested that bacterial productivity in the Prydz Bay and its adjacent water was influenced mostly by phytoplankton activities and the hydrologic conditions.     

Seasonal export fluxes of size-fractionated particulate derived from polonium-210: A case study in Xiamen Bay

Size-fractionated ²¹⁰Po and ²¹⁰Pb, in the size fractions >0.4 μm, >2 μm and >10 μm, were examined to determine the seasonal variability of particulate fluxes in Xiamen Bay. Good correlations between ²¹⁰Po and particulate organic carbon (POC) or non-Particulate Organic Matter (nPOM) suggested that ²¹⁰Po can be used to trace the export fluxes of POC and nPOM. Both steady-state (SS) model and nSS model were used to evaluate fluxes of size-fractionated ²¹⁰Po, results showed that nSS model was better than the SS model in coastal areas. Based on the nSS model, size-fractionated POC fluxes decreased with increasing particle size. For the particle size studied, maximum POC fluxes occurred in autumn, followed by spring, winter, and summer. Fluxes of nPOM were an order of magnitude higher than the corresponding size-fractionated POC fluxes. Differences between size-fractionated nPOM fluxes indicated that hydrodynamic conditions were the main factor regulating transportation of particulate out of the inner Bay. In winter most particulates, including >10 μm particles, were transported under the strongest hydrodynamic conditions. In contrast, only a fraction of the <2 μm particulates were transported from the inner Bay in spring. This study suggested that ²¹⁰Po is a powerful tracer of seasonal particulate export in coastal seas.     

南黄海和东海海水18O的组及其意义 O的组成及其意义

对2006年夏季采自南黄海和东海的海水进行了18O同位素组成的分析,结合温度与盐度的分布,探讨了影响研究海域海水δ18O分布的主要因素。结果表明,南黄海和东海海水的δ18O与盐度之间具有良好的线性正相关关系,据此确定出夏季黑潮水和陆地径流水的特征δ18O值分别为0.20‰—0.45‰和9.85‰。依据海水δ18O的分布,探讨了黑潮水、长江冲淡水和黄海冷水团对研究海区δ18O分布的影响,结果显示,夏季黑潮水仅影响到台湾东北部陆架坡折以外的海域,其影响路径可能以气旋式涡旋的形式出现;在长江口附近海域,长江径流水进入东海后,对长江口东北部海域的影响范围较其南部更为宽广,可到达济州岛西南部。在南黄海海域,海水δ18O的分布可清晰指示出南黄海冷水团的位置,黄海冷水团的形成可能与冬季的黄海暖流具有一定的联系。     

Seasonal export fluxes of size-fractionated particulate derived from polonium-210: A case study in Xiamen Bay

Size-fractionated 210Po and 210Pb, in the size fractions 0.4 μm, 2 μm and 10 μm, were examined to determine the seasonal variability of particulate fluxes in Xiamen Bay. Good correlations between 210Po and particulate organic carbon (POC) or non-Particulate Organic Matter (nPOM) suggested that 210Po can be used to trace the export fluxes of POC and nPOM. Both steady-state (SS) model and nSS model were used to evaluate fluxes of size-fractionated 210Po, results showed that nSS model was better than the SS model in coastal areas. Based on the nSS model, size-fractionated POC fluxes decreased with increasing particle size. For the particle size studied, maximum POC fluxes occurred in autumn, followed by spring, winter, and summer. Fluxes of nPOM were an order of magnitude higher than the corresponding size-fractionated POC fluxes. Differences between size-fractionated nPOM fluxes indicated that hydrodynamic conditions were the main factor regulating transportation of particulate out of the inner Bay. In winter most particulates, including 10 μm particles, were transported under the strongest hydrodynamic conditions. In contrast, only a fraction of the 2 μm particulates were transported from the inner Bay in spring. This study suggested that 210Po is a powerful tracer of seasonal particulate export in coastal seas.     

厦门湾海水中224Ra的深度分布特征及其应用

本文采用MnO₂-纤维富集、220Rn的连续射气闪烁法测定厦门湾海水中的224Ra,利用其垂直分布求出该海域的垂直涡动扩散系数(K_z),为该海域可溶性污染物扩散、迁移和海域自净能力的估算提供理论依据.该海域224Ra的垂直分布及由此得出的K_z使我们能够洞悉研究海域水体的垂直扩散特征及其时、空变化.