基于NCEP风向数据的中国夏季降水估算研究

提出一个基于NCEP风向数据估算全国夏季降水的模型。根据NCEP地面气压、经纬向风数据计算得到全国1971—2000年夏季各月盛行风向;并将盛行风向与宏观坡向夹角的余弦值作为降水的坡向因子,以此区分山体迎风坡和背风坡降水的空间分布。利用站点观测资料、数字高程模型数据、坡向、坡度因子,采用逐步回归分析法,建立估算夏季降水的回归方程,得到全国1971—2000年夏季各月及总降水量的空间分布图,并对模型结果进行检验与对比分析。结果表明,此方法估算夏季总降水量的平均绝对误差为27 mm,平均相对误差为11.8%。模型结果能体现迎风坡与背风坡的雨量差,符合客观规律,能够定性、定量地再现中国夏季降水的实际空间分布特征。     

中国南海区1992-2012年的中尺度涡旋演化过程表达与统计分析

Automated identification and tracking of mesoscale ocean eddies has recently become one research hotspot in physical oceanography. Several methods have been developed and applied to survey the general kinetic and geometric characteristics of the ocean eddies in the South China Sea（SCS）. However, very few studies attempt to examine eddies＇ internal evolution processes. In this study, we reported a hybrid method to trace eddies＇ propagation in the SCS based on their internal structures, which are characterized by eddy centers, footprint borders, and composite borders. Eddy identification and tracking results were represented by a GIS-based spatiotemporal model. Information on instant states, dynamic evolution processes, and events of disappearance, reappearance, split, and mergence is stored in a GIS database. Results were validated by comparing against the ten Dongsha Cyclonic Eddies（DCEs） and the three long-lived anticyclonic eddies（ACEs） in the northern SCS, which were reported in previous literature. Our study confirmed the development of these eddies. Furthermore, we found more DCE-like and ACE-like eddies in these areas from 2005 to 2012 in our database. Spatial distribution analysis of disappearing, reappearing, splitting, and merging activities shows that eddies in the SCS tend to cluster to the northwest of Luzon Island, southwest of Luzon Strait, and around the marginal sea of Vietnam. Kuroshio intrusions and the complex sea floor topography in these areas are the possible factors that lead to these spatial clusters.     

南大西洋沉积物中多环芳香化合物的组成特征研究

10 samples of sediments obtained from the South Mid-Atlantic Ridge were measured for the abundances and distributions of polycyclic aromatic compounds(PAHs). The total concentrations of PAHs(∑PAHs) ranged from 2.768 to 9.826 μg/g dry sediment. The ∑PAHs was higher in sample 22V-TVG10 and sample 26V-TVG05 which were close to hydrothermal fields, with the lowest value in sample 22V-TVG14 which was farthest from hydrothermal fields, suggesting a probable hydrothermal origin of ∑PAHs of samples. Approximately nine kinds of PAHs were identified, and low molecular mass tricyclic and tetracyclic aromatic compounds were predominant in the samples. The concentrations of fluoranthene which were typical as hydrothermal alteration compounds were the highest among PAHs with dry weight between 0.913–3.157 μg/g. The phenanthrene homologue was most abundant in the samples, and the ratios between parent phenanthrene and methylphenanthrene which probably reflected the degree of hydrothermal alteration ranged from 0.097 to 1.602. The sample 22V-TVG10 possessing a maximum ratio value showed the intense influence of the hydrothermal alteration on this sample, which might further imply that PAHs in sediments were mainly derived from the hydrothermal alteration.     

广西潮间带海草的移植恢复

在总结作者近年来在广西沿岸开展海草移植恢复的实践经验的基础上,吸取了国外海草恢复的部分经验,从草源地选择、种类配置、恢复地选择与整理、草源采集与定植以及恢复后的监管措施等方面,论述了广西潮间带海草的移植恢复技术,以期为中国其他地区的潮间带海草恢复提供借鉴。在广西,矮大叶藻、喜盐草与贝克喜盐草是最适宜作为海草移植恢复的种类。相对根状茎移植法,草块移植法更适用于广西。草源地与恢复地的距离极大地影响恢复工程的人力物力成本。     

中国大陆强震孕育过程关联的地壳形变及孕震晚期逼近发震过程识别问题

基于地壳形变观测研究,概略回顾了中国大陆地壳形变时空动态特征及其与强震活动的关系、与强震孕育过程关联的多尺度地壳形变动态特征,以及震前各类形变异常信息提取方面的进展和认识。目前能给出明确时间尺度（10年和更短）强震预测的地壳形变有效依据仍不足,需有效识别孕震晚期强震源逼近发震的过程,推进中国大陆强震预测在较短时间尺度的进展。结合几次强震前全球导航卫星系统(global navigation satellite system,GNSS)观测到的较显著的地壳形变转入非弹性变形状态的分析,讨论了在观测技术已取得显著进步条件下,逐步实现对孕震晚期强震源逼近发震过程有效识别的可能性及相关问题。     

鄂尔多斯盆地华庆地区长9储层四性关系研究

通过对华庆地区长9储层岩心、录井、试油试采数据以及测井资料的整理和分析,研究了该区岩性、物性、含油性以及电性特征及其相互关系。研究认为,物性较好的中-细砂岩段,综合解释为油层或油水同层时,测井曲线表现为自然电位负异常,自然伽玛低值,电阻率中值,声波时差中-高值。     

伊犁盆地扎吉斯坦北部西山窑组下段砂体发育特征与铀成矿的关系

本文初步研究了扎吉斯坦北部砂体的发育特征与铀成矿的关系。通过对研究区单井剖面、联井剖面以及平面上砂体发育情况的研究与分析,探讨砂体对铀矿体的控制与影响。研究表明,铀矿化发生、发育于砂体厚度相对稳定,粒度较粗,孔隙度、渗透率较好的地段。砂体构形变化的部位是成矿的有利部位,即砂体厚度由厚变薄的过渡地段有利于铀矿的富集。     

鄂尔多斯盆地东南部油页岩资源评价

鄂尔多斯盆地蕴藏着丰富的油页岩资源,积累了大量测井系列齐全的石油钻探资料,但针对油页岩的调查评价工作程度低,可利用的含油率数据十分有限,难以准确评价油页岩资源量。利用陕西铜川地区油页岩探井的测井与含油率分析资料,结合ΔlogR方法,建立了该区油页岩含油率测井解释模型,可较准确地识别油页岩层段和解释计算含油率。在此基础上,利用大量的油气井测井资料解释含油率、识别和统计油页岩厚度,对1.3×104km2工作区内三叠系延长组长7油页岩资源量进行了评价,估算油页岩分布面积为1.08×104km2,预测远景资源量为3866×108t,干馏油页岩油远景资源量为179×108t,具有形成大型—特大型油页岩矿产地的资源潜力,为该区油页岩勘查利用提供了重要依据。     

基于小波预处理的基坑变形监测数据的最小二乘估计

利用小波变换特有的低通滤波属性和有效抑制测量噪声的能力,将传统的最小二乘估计与之相结合,提出了一种基于小波预处理的最小二乘估计新方法 ,并针对具体基坑变形监测数据,验证了该方法的有效性。     

速度分布和银盘厚度效应对正常脉冲星Z向分布的影响

基于彭秋和等1978年得到的无扰动有限厚盘引力势,根据两个引力势参数(h_(z1)= 0．001kpc,h_(z2)=0．325 kpc)和两个速度分布参数(σ_(v1)=115km/s,σ_(v2)=200 km/s)组合的4种情况,对4×10~5颗脉冲星做了三维蒙特卡洛模拟．4×10~5颗脉冲星按着10~8年间隔被分成20组,计算了每组“逃逸”脉冲星所占比例．对每组中“未逃逸”脉冲星,分别在0＜r＜25kpc和5＜r＜11kpc两个区域中对|z|分布做了统计,研究了“未逃逸”脉冲星在这两个区域中的分段标高和累积标高的演化特征．“未逃逸”脉冲星的分段标高在一定空间范围内的变化不规则,但累积标高的变化却比较平滑．在相对长的时间里(＞10~8年),银盘厚度对脉冲星累积标高演化有显著的复杂影响；在相对短的时间中(＜2×10~7年),这种效应很小,而且累积标高对时间的依赖关系是线性的．在长时间里,初始速度分布对累积标高也有显著影响．在引力势h_(z2)=0．325 kpc的条件下,在径向范围5＜r＜11kpc和时间t=9．22×10~6年以及σ_(v2)=200km/s的情况下,模拟的累积标高是0．596±0．005 kpc．