河南省桐柏固县镇蓝晶石矿矿床地质特征及找矿方向

蓝晶石是一种高级耐火材料,广泛应用于冶金、化工、航空、航天等多个领域,认识蓝晶石矿床地质特征,对勘查发现新的蓝晶石矿具有一定的借鉴意义。笔者通过对桐柏固县镇蓝晶石矿成矿地质背景及矿床地质特征研究,认为矿床位于秦岭—大别山变质区,矿体赋存于新元古界歪头山组一套片岩相沉积变质岩中,呈层状似层状产出,岩性具有高铝富硅的特点。     

Trend of snow cover fraction over East Asia in the 21st century under different scenarios

Using the snow cover fraction (SNC) output from eight WCRP CMIP3 climate models under SRES A2, A1B, and B1 scenarios, the future trend of SNC over East Asia is analyzed. Results show that SNC is likely to decrease in East Asia, with the fastest decrease in spring, then winter and autumn, and the slowest in summer. In spring and winter the SNC decreases faster in the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau than in northern East Asia, while in autumn there is little difference between them. Among the various scenarios, SRES A2 has the largest decrease trend, then A1B, and B1 has the smallest trend. The decrease in SNC is mainly caused by the changes in surface air temperature and snowfall, which contribute differently to the SNC trends in different regions and seasons.     

Eco-physiological mechanisms of Caragana korshinskii Kom. adaptation to extreme drought stress: Leaf abscission and maintaining stem chloroplast integrity

In order to study the eco-physiological mechanisms of C. korshinskii adaptation to extreme drought stress, we investigated the variations of water content in soil, leaves, and stems, the chlorophyll a and b and the carotenoid content in leaves and stems, as well as changes of chloroplast ultrastructure in 2-year-old C. korshinskii specimens during a progressive soil drought process (by ceasing watering until all leaves were shed) and a subsequent rehydration process. During the dehydration process, the chlorophyll a and b and carotenoid contents in the leaves decreased, as did the carotenoid content in the stems. During the 4-day rehydration process, the chlorophyll a and b and carotenoid contents in the leaves and stems increased and gradually returned to normal levels. During ongoing drought stress, chloroplasts in the leaves broke away from cell walls and appeared in the center of cells. Under severe drought stress, the mesophyll ultrastructure and chloroplast configuration in leaves were irreversibly disturbed, as manifested by the inner and outer membranes being destroyed; the thylakoid system disintegrated, the starch grain disappeared, and parts of cell tissue were dismantled into debris. However, the mesophyll ultrastructure and chloroplast configuration in the stems remained complete. This indicates that C. korshinskii utilizes leaf abscission to reduce the surface area to avoid damage from extreme drought stress, and maintains chloroplast integrity and a considerable amount of chlorophyll to enable a rapid recovery of photosynthesis under the rehydration process.     

Evolution of the magmatic–hydrothermal system and formation of the giant Zhuxi W–Cu deposit in South China

The Zhuxi deposit is a recently discovered W–Cu deposit located in the Jiangnan porphyry–skarn W belt in South China. The deposit has a resource of 3.44 million tonnes of WO3, making it the largest on Earth,however its origin and the evolution of its magmatic–hydrothermal system remain unclear, largely because alteration–mineralization types in this giant deposit have been less well-studied, apart from a study of the calcic skarn orebodies. The different types of mineralization can be classified into magnesian skarn, calcic skarn, and scheelite–quartz–muscovite(SQM) vein types. Field investigations and mineralogical analyses show that the magnesian skarn hosted by dolomitic limestone is characterized by garnet of the grossular–pyralspite(pyrope, almandine, and spessartine) series, diopside, serpentine,and Mg-rich chlorite. The calcic skarn hosted by limestone is characterized by garnet of the grossular–andradite series, hedenbergite, wollastonite, epidote, and Fe-rich chlorite. The SQM veins host highgrade W–Cu mineralization and have overprinted the magnesian and calcic skarn orebodies. Scheelite is intergrown with hydrous silicates in the retrograde skarn, or occurs with quartz, chalcopyrite, sulfide minerals, fluorite, and muscovite in the SQM veins.Fluid inclusion investigations of the gangue and ore minerals revealed the evolution of the ore-forming fluids, which involved:(1) melt and coexisting high–moderate-salinity, high-temperature, high-pressure(>450 ℃and >1.68 kbar), methane-bearing aqueous fluids that were trapped in prograde skarn minerals;(2) moderate–low-salinity, moderate-temperature, moderate-pressure(~210–300 ℃and ~0.64 kbar),methane-rich aqueous fluids that formed the retrograde skarn-type W orebodies;(3) low-salinity,moderate–low-temperature, moderate-pressure(~150–240 ℃and ~0.56 kbar), methane-rich aqueous fluids that formed the quartz–sulfide Cu(–W) orebodies in skarn;(4) moderate–low-salinity,moderate-temperature, low-pressure(~150–250 ℃and ~0.34 kbar) alkanes-dominated aqueous fluids in the SQM vein stage, which led to the formation of high-grade W–Cu orebodies. The S–Pb isotopic compositions of the sulfides suggest that the ore-forming materials were mainly derived from magma generated by crustal anatexis, with minor addition of a mantle component. The H–O isotopic compositions of quartz and scheelite indicate that the ore-forming fluids originated mainly from magmatic water with later addition of meteoric water. The C–O isotopic compositions of calcite indicate that the ore-forming fluid was originally derived from granitic magma, and then mixed with reduced fluid exsolved from local carbonate strata. Depressurization and resultant fluid boiling were key to precipitation of W in the retrograde skarn stage. Mixing of residual fluid with meteoric water led to a decrease in fluid salinity and Cu(–W) mineralization in the quartz–sulfide stage in skarn. The high-grade W–Cu mineralization in the SQM veins formed by multiple mechanisms, including fracturing, and fluid immiscibility, boiling, and mixing.     

海洋开发的前沿科学：海洋生物工程

随着现代科学技术的发展和人类对开发海洋的日益重视,一门新兴的学科——海洋生物工程,应运而生。这门新兴学科,是在近代生物工程理论和技术发展的基础上脱颖出来的,是生物遗传工程与海洋生物学相结合的产物,它的主要任务是:加强开发海洋生物的化学资源、改良海洋生物品种、提高渔业产量和获取具有特殊药用价值的生物活性物质。     

中国1:100万地貌图设计中若干问题的探讨

在自然地理环境中,地貌是最基本要素之一。地球的形状直接控制着地表热量的分布,而海陆的差异和山川起伏,又控制着水分与热量的重新分配。因此,在一定区域内地貌与其它自然地理要素,如气候、水文、植被、土壤等相互关系中,地貌条件往往起着重要作用。同时有些地貌现象动态变化格外明显,如水土流失、山崩、泥石流、风沙移动等,不     

一株产植酸酶菌株的分离鉴定及其产酶特性

<正>植酸酶(phytase)是催化植酸和植酸盐水解成肌醇和磷酸(或盐)的一类酶的总称,是一类特殊的酸性磷酸酶。饲料中添加植酸酶可改良磷酸盐的生物利用度,减少无机磷的添加,缓解我国磷资源缺乏、磷供应不足的局面;消除植酸的抗营养作用,     

用玉米粉作分散剂分离细微矿物

目前,对细微矿物的分离还没有一种行之有效的方法,加之研究工作要求避免使用化学试剂,使矿物提纯工作更为困难.以往的常规分选方法对于粒度人于0.043毫米的矿物,容易获得纯度高的单矿物,而对粒度小于0.043毫米的矿物则十分困难,尤其是矿石结构复杂,性脆易碎的细粒金属硫化矿物的分离就更难.据文献介绍,有人曾研究了用土豆淀粉作为凝聚剂,分离选煤废水中的悬浮固态物质.我们试用玉米粉进行了试验,查明玉米粉与矿样重量配比适当时,它不但可作为悬浮固态物质的凝聚剂,而且亦可作为一种分散剂,使矿物颗粒易于     

地下矿山工程围岩稳定性模糊动态聚类分区

针对梅山铁矿二期工程开拓设计的需要, 本文介绍了梅山地下矿山工程围岩稳定性模糊动态聚类分区的研究方法及其部分结果。该研究首先涉及分区资料的获取, 整理与分析；其次是分区因素的选取与指标确定；最后是模糊动态聚类分析方法在工程围岩分区中的应用。     

Study on Crustal Structure in Haiyuan Strong Earthquake Region

INTRODUCTIONXIJI－Halyuan－Zhon驯el region Is a well－known eaythquake－prone one In China．From 876 to1989,IOrty－five earthquakes with M。34．7 occurred In and around the。glon(Ma Xingyuan,et al,1989)．Seismic activity In this area Is evidently cha。cterized by large matlnltude and high frequency．The 1920 Haiyuan earthquake(M＝8．5)happened nght In this region,which caused a seriousdisaster and had a wide－ranging effect seldom seen worldwide．For the years,lots of…