储层岩石电性特征的逾渗网络模型研究(英文)

建立能够反映储层孔隙结构、流体特征的逾 渗网络模型,通过数值模拟研究了储层孔隙尺寸、 孔隙形状、连通性、微孔隙的发育状况等对I-Sw曲 线影响的定性规律,研究了地层水矿化度对岩石电 阻率的影响。分析讨论了不同因素对电阻率影响的 相对强度。最后,通过曲线拟合定量地研究了不同 因素对I-Sw曲线的影响规律。研究表明,在上述影 响因素中连通性和微孔隙对I-Sw曲线的影响很大, 其它因素的影响强度较小。地层水矿化度对岩石电 阻率绝对值的影响很大。“非阿尔奇”现象普遍存在, 在低渗透(低连通性)储层岩石中更为明显。     

中国区域性极端降水事件及人口经济暴露度研究

基于中国1960-2014年771个气象站的逐日降水资料,选取有效降水序列95百分位数作为极端降水阈值,将既定持续时间尺度和连续面积上超过阈值的降水事件定义为区域性极端降水事件。采用强度-面积-持续时间（Intensity-Area-Duration,IAD）法,根据极端降水事件空间和时间上的连续性特征,对不同持续时间的区域性极端降水事件演变趋势及暴露于极端降水事件下的人口和国内生产总值进行研究。结果表明:（1）相对强度最大的区域性极端降水事件主要集中在1960-1968、1991-1999和2006-2013年3个时段;（2）区域性极端降水事件最强中心主要分布在长江以南和东北地区,发生在北方的多为单日极端降水,南方多为持续多日的极端降水;（3）1960-2014年区域性极端降水事件影响面积有所增大,相对强度变化不明显;（4）暴露于极端降水事件影响区域内的人口和国内生产总值均呈显著增大趋势,暴露人口最多的年份在1983年,达到2408万人/d,暴露国内生产总值最多的年份在1998年,达到20亿元/d。      

CMIP5多模式集合对南亚大河气候变化模拟评估及未来情景预估

利用英国东英格利亚大学CRU(Climatic Research Unit)逐月气温、日本高分辨率亚洲陆地降水数据集APHRODITE(Asian Precipitation-Highly-Resolved Observational Data IntegrationTowards Evaluation)逐日降水资料以及耦合模式比较计划CMIP5(Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5)多模式集合逐月气温、降水格点数据,评估了CMIP5多模式集合对包括印度河、恒河、湄公河、萨尔温江、伊洛瓦底江和布拉马普特拉河全区域(简称南亚大河流域)气候变化的模拟能力,并对流域2016—2035、2046—2065和2081—2100年气候变化可能趋势进行了预估。结果表明:CMIP5多模式集合对流域年平均气温的时间变化和空间分布特征有较强的模拟能力,时间空间相关系数都达到0.01的显著性水平,尤其对夏季气温的模拟要优于其他季节;对降水而言,模式对其也有较好的模拟能力,尤其是降水的季节性波动。预估结果表明:RCP2.6、4.5、8.5情景下,相对于基准期(1986—2005年),21世纪前期(2016—2035年)、中期(2046—2065年)和末期(2081—2100年)全流域年平均气温都有上升,且上升增幅随排放情景增大而增大,流域高海拔地区增幅较大;降水除21世纪前期RCP4.5、8.5情景下的增长趋势较小外,全流域年降水量都将增大;未来上述三段时期夏季持续升温将引起北部高海拔地区冰川的进一步消融;春季降水未来将持续增加,对全区水资源的贡献将增加;流域冬季降水的少量增加有助冰川累积和高海拔地区水资源的增加;三段时期夏季降水都有增长,洪涝发生的风险加大,极端降水事件可能增多。     

低空大比例尺地形图航测生产关键技术

针对传统航空摄影测量生产工艺在生产过程中遇到的影响大比例尺测图精度的问题,该文探讨了低空航测生产大比例尺地形图的关键技术。通过选用宽角相机、低航高飞行、强化影像匹配、野外布设标志控制点、优选平差模型、精化测图操作等改进方式,以提高大比例尺航测精度;组建无人飞艇低空航测系统,对提出的技术方法予以实现;最后给出了山西境内近30个县市建成区1∶500测绘生产实践的部分验证成果。     

基于强度折减法的围岩自稳能力量化方法

强度折减法被广泛应用于围岩稳定性分析中,但因岩体赋存环境异常复杂,造成数值模拟得到的围岩稳定安全系数失真,制约了支护设计向定量化方向的发展。然而大量工程实践表明Ⅰ级围岩仅凭自身强度便能抵抗住二次应力破坏。故文章选取了围岩的一种极限稳定平衡状态,运用FLAC3D和强度折减思想计算出囊括所有岩体不确定性因子的围岩稳定系数k0,以此作为衡量围岩能否自稳的定量指标。最后通过大量数值模拟,比较各模型稳定系数与k0的数值关系,初步量化了围岩自承载结构在硐室稳定中所起的作用,同时辨识出Ⅱ、Ⅲ级围岩保持长期稳定的条件。     

Provenance Study of Fe–Ti Oxide Minerals in the Quaternary Sediments in Yichang Area and Its Implication of Formation Time of the Yangtze Three Gorges, China

The Three Gorges are considered to be critical to understand the formation of Yangtze River. Recent research results suggest that the Yangtze Three Gorges was created during the Quaternary but the exact time is debatable. Fe–Ti oxide minerals are seldom used to study sediment provenance, expecially using scanning electron microscopy(SEM), and energy dispersive spectrometer(EDS). In this study, the provenance of Quaternary sediments in Yichang area, which is located to the east of the Yangtze Three Gorges, was investigated by using SEM and EDS to research Fe–Ti oxides. The Panzhihua vanadium titanomagnetite and Emeishan basalt outcrop are located to the west of the Three Gorges. Further, the materials from them are observed in the Quaternary sediments of Yichang area. Fe–Ti oxide minerals from the Huangling granite are observed in the Yunchi and Shanxiyao Formations, which were formed before 0.75 Ma B.P., whereas Fe–Ti oxide minerals from the Huangling granite, Panzhihua vanadium titanomagnetite, and Emeishan basalt are observed in the riverbed and fifth-terrace sediments of the Yangtze River, which were formed after 0.73 Ma B.P.. Thus, we can infer that the Three Gorges formed after the deposition of the Shanxi Formation and before the fifth-terrace; i.e., 0.75–0.73 Ma B.P..     

冻融循环对不同孔隙率页岩相似材料影响的试验研究

基于地质力学模型试验的相似理论,针对寒区岩体工程,分别制作了5种不同孔隙率的页岩相似材料,进行冻融循环试验,探究不同孔隙率的页岩相似材料在冻融前后,其主要物理力学参数的变化规律。试验研究表明：在冻融循环后,页岩相似材料的单轴抗压强度、三轴抗压强度、弹性模量、粘聚力、内摩擦角有不同程度的减小,孔隙率、泊松比有不同程度的增大。页岩相似材料的物理力学参数受冻融循环的影响随孔隙率的增大先增大后减小,孔隙率处于9.4%~13.6%时,受冻融循环影响最大;孔隙率处于5.8%~9.4%时,受冻融循环的影响随孔隙率的增大有增大的趋势;孔隙率处于13.9%~19.1%时,受冻融循环的影响随孔隙率的增大有减小的趋势。研究结果可以为西部寒区的岩土工程建设和减灾提供相关的科学依据。     

川西坳陷南北向构造带须家河组断层封闭性分析

川西坳陷南北向构造带经历了多次构造运动,断裂极其发育,其圈闭的形成与断裂作用密切相关,对断层演化特征及其封闭性综合研究已成为该区油气勘探的重要因素。该区主要发育SN向和NNE向两组断裂,NNE向断裂切割SN向断裂,表明其形成晚于SN向断裂。通过应用断面正应力、地层砂泥比及Allen剖面分析等方法,对区内主干断裂进行封闭性分析,建立了该区断裂封闭性标准。研究表明,南北向构造带断裂整体封闭性较好,在平面上北部知新场、石泉场构造好于南部龙宝梁构造,在纵向上须二、须三段封闭性好于须四、须五段,与该区钻井揭示吻合。     

Trace metals in seawater and copepods in the ocean outfall area off the northern Taiwan coast

The distribution, partitioning and concentrations of trace metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb and Zn) in seawater, including dissolved and particulate phases, and in copepods in the ocean outfall area off the northern coast of Taiwan were investigated. Normalization of metal concentrations to the background metal concentration to yield relative enrichment factors (EF), which were used to evaluate the contamination of dissolved and particulate trace metals in seawater around the ocean outfall. The EF results indicated that the outfall area was significantly contaminated by dissolved Fe and Zn, and by particulate Fe, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn. In addition, most trace metals were chiefly in the particulate phase. The average percentage of total metal concentrations (dissolved plus particulate phases) bound by suspended particulate matter followed the sequence Al(95%) = Mn(95%) > Pb(88%) > Cu(86%) > Fe(72%) > Zn(32%) > Cr(17.5%) > Cd(3.4%). Therefore, metal contamination is better evaluated in solid phase than in the dissolved phase. The concentration ranges of trace metals in the copepods, Temora turbinata, Oncaea venusta and Euchaeta rimana, near the outfall were: Cd, 0.23-1.81 microg g(-1); Cr, 16.5-195 microg g(-1); Cu, 14-160 microg g(-1); Fe, 256-7255 microg g(-1); Mn, 5.5-80.8 microg g(-1); Pb, 2.6-56.2 microg g(-1); Zn, 132-3891 microg g(-1); and Al, 0.21-1.13%. Aluminum, and probably Fe, seemed to be the major elements in copepods. The concentrations of trace metals in copepods, especially Temora turbinata, near the outfall were generally higher than those obtained in the background station. The mean increase in bioconcentration factor of metals in copepods ranged from 4 to 7 and followed the sequence Al(6.4) > Cu(6.2) > Fe(6.0) > Zn(5.7) > Pb(5.6) > Cr(5.5) > Cd(5.1) > Mn(4.7). Therefore, marine copepods in the waters of northern Taiwan can accumulate trace metals over background concentrations and act as contamination indicators.     

Study on applying optimal path to land valuation

Introduction Thebasiclandpriceistheaveragepriceofev eryequalparceloreverylandclassspecifiedby thegovernment,accordingtodifferentuseof landsuchascommerce,industry,residence,etc.Asanimportantroleplayingintheurban landpricesystem,thebasiclandpriceinstructs a…