强地面运动随机模拟中的几个关键问题探讨

在数字观测资料基础上发展起来的地震动随机模拟方法,能较客观地把研究区的震源特性、传播路径影响和场地响应考虑进来,适用于缺乏强震记录的国家和地区。但在实际应用中,有不少关键问题尚未解决,其中,软基岩的场地响应是地震学家一直想解决但始终没有很好解决的问题;另外,厚覆盖土层的场地响应是工程上很关心的问题,由于资料和方法限制,研究工作做的很少;而强震的震源谱对地震动随机模拟结果影响显著,一直都是随机模拟方法的研究焦点。总之,这两个方面的3个问题都是地震动随机模拟方法应用中的“关键问题”,本文在大量的研究工作基础上,对这些关键问题提出一些探讨性的解决途径和方法。     

应用HHT方法从竖向地震动记录识别场地液化的物理过程

利用HHT方法分析1987年美国Superstition Hills地震在Wildlife场地上获得的地震加速度记录,深入地论述了实际地震中土层液化对竖向地震动非平稳特性的影响,进而达到了应用HHT方法从地震动记录识别场地液化物理过程的目的。     

厚盖层场地的联合效应和强地面运动随机模拟

对于既缺少深钻孔资料,又缺少数字地震记录资料的厚盖层场地,其场地放大和衰减联合效应(简称“场地联合效应”)用常规方法估计困难。本文依据强地面运动随机模拟方法的预测方程,用近场中小地震的加速度记录,估计新疆伽师厚盖层场地的放大因子和高频滤波因子之积——场地联合效应,非线性矫正结果显示,场地的联合效应因子在O．5—10Hz大于2,在1—4Hz达到4。依此联合效应因子对研究区的强地面运动进行了随机模拟,预测结果与实际记录吻合较好。     

Earthquake engineering in China

The development of earthquake engineering in China is described into three stages. The initial stage in 1950’s – 1960’s was marked with the initiation of this branch of science from its creation in the first national 12-year plan of science and technology by specifying earthquake engineering as a branch item and IEM was one participant. The first earthquake zonation map and the first seismic design code were soon completed and used in engineering design. Site effect on structural design and site selection were seriously studied. The second stage marked with the occurrence of quite a few strong earthquakes in China, from which many lessons were learned and corresponding considerations were specified in our design codes and followed in construction practice. The third stage is a stage of disaster management, which is marked by a series of government documentations, leading by a national law of the People’s Republic of China on the protecting against and mitigating earthquake disasters adopted at the meeting of the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress of the People’s Republic of China in 1997, and then followed by some provincial and municipal laws to force the actions outlined in the national law. It may be expected that our society will be much more safer to resist the attack of future strong earthquakes with less losses. Lastly, possible future developments are also discussed.     

核设施地震危险性估计中的几个问题

总结了地震安全性估计方法的现状与发展趋势,指出我国在用确定性方法确定设计地震动时,有些不确定性并未考虑,不少主观决定并非总是足够安全的。文中推荐了概率方法。场地影响分析中,特别是座落于软基上的核设施,需要对输入面的选择及土层反应分析中的多种不确定因素进行考虑。最后指出场地地震相关反应谱对座落于软基上的核设施的重要意义,以及大远震与小近震对反应谱的不同影响     

SH波输入下土-结构相互作用影响参数的研究

本文将有限元和边界元相结合,给出了均匀弹性介质半平面和结构出平面相互作用的计算公式。由于有限元和边界元各有优点,这种混合模式既可模拟有限的不均匀介质区域,又满足了波在无穷远处的辐射条件。计算结果表明,本文给出的计算公式具有较高的精度。     

砖烟囱地震破坏分析

本文研究了无筋砖烟囱的地震破坏形式,并进行了反应的数值分折,特别着重水平与竖向振动的相对重要性。文中假定地震应力与自重应力综合后的最大拉应力一旦达到或超过容许拉应力,烟囱的整个截面即裂开。在选择几个合理的地震动加速度过程之后,计算了一些典型的无筋砖烟囱的地震反应;在计算中,当某一截面断裂后,即考虑断了的烟囱上部为刚体,继续计算到地震终了,再发生第二道裂缝,或上部倾倒时为止。根据这些计算,得到的结论是:在一般情况下,水平振动是无筋砖烟囱破坏的主要原因,只是在特殊情况,竖向振动才可能起同等重要的作用。     

考虑相位谱的人造地震动反应谱拟合

本文在回顾了地震动模拟理论及反应谱拟合技术的发展后,提出了一个新的加速度时程曲线的拟合方法,以改进现有反应谱拟合精度和原则。此法不同于常规方法之处有二:(一)在对幅值谱修正时,考虑了傅氏谱各分量对最大反应贡献的正负;(二)对于仅用幅值谱修正不能满足要求的顽固点,提出了相位修正的方法。这一力法使拟合技术更为合理而有效。     

Discussion about the relationship between seismic belt and seismic statistical zone

This paper makes a summary of status of delimitation of seismic zones and belts of China firstly in aspects of studying history,purpose,usage,delimiting principles,various presenting forms and main spectialties.Then the viewpoints are emphasized,making geographical divisions by seismicity is just the most important purpose of delimiting seismic belts and the concept of seismic belt is also quite different from that of seismic statistical zone used in CPSHA method.The concept of seismic statistical zone and its history of evolvement are introduced too.Large differences between these two concepts exist separately in their statistical property,actual meaning,gradation,required scale,and property of refusing to overlap each other,aim and usage of delimitation.But in current engineering practice,these two concepts are confused.On the one hand,it causes no fit theory for delimiting seismic statistical zone in PSHA to be set up;on the other hand,researches about delimitation of seismic belts with purposes of seismicity zoning and studying on structural environment,mechanism of earthquake generating also paues to go abead.Major conclusions are given in the end of this paper,that seismic statistical zone bases on the result of seismic belt delimiting,it only arises in and can be used in the especial PSHA method of China with considering spatially and termporally inhomogeneous seismic activities,and its concept should be clearly differentiated from the comcept of seismic belt.     

线性SDOF体系共振动力响应的Hilbert谱分析

利用HHT方法分析了线性SDOF体系在共振状态下的强迫动力响应,系统地研究了线性SDOF体系在简谐波、线性调频波与正弦调频波输入下处于共振状态时结构动力响应的H ilbert谱与本征模态函数的特征,并且将H ilbert谱、Morlet小波谱及Fourier幅值谱所蕴含的物理意义及分辨率特性进行了比较。研究结果表明,与Fourier幅值谱相比,H ilbert谱在刻画非平稳时程的某些时变特征方面更加直观,其物理意义更加明确,而与Morlet小波谱相比H ilbert谱则具有较高的分辨率。