太湖不同生态类型湖区浮游甲壳动物群落结构季节变化比较

水体富营养化会对整个水生态系统产生重要影响.为了解太湖富营养化对浮游甲壳动物群落结构的影响,于2012年3月至2013年2月对太湖3个典型湖区——藻型湖区(梅梁湾)、草型湖区(胥口湾)和强扰动湖区(湖心区)开展浮游甲壳动物群落结构季节变化比较研究.3个湖区中,湖心区营养水平最高,胥口湾最低.梅梁湾浮游甲壳动物密度和生物量最高,其次是湖心区,胥口湾最低.梅梁湾、湖心区和胥口湾的浮游甲壳动物年平均密度分别为199、150和91 ind./L,年平均生物量分别为1.950、1.557和0.743 mg/L.在整个研究期间,梅梁湾、胥口湾和湖心区的浮游甲壳动物种类数分别为13、11和11;3个湖区的浮游甲壳动物优势种均为中华窄腹剑水蚤和简弧象鼻溞,其中中华窄腹剑水蚤在梅梁湾、胥口湾和湖心区的年平均密度分别为57、25和36 ind./L,简弧象鼻溞在3个湖区的年平均密度分别为40、22和32 ind./L.胥口湾浮游甲壳动物生物多样性指数显著低于梅梁湾和湖心区.相关分析表明,浮游甲壳动物密度与叶绿素a浓度呈极显著正相关.研究表明,同一湖泊不同生态类型湖区浮游甲壳动物会对水体富营养化产生不同的生态响应.     

大别造山带双庙关金矿床成矿时代与成矿背景

湖北省麻城市双庙关金矿床隶属于秦岭–大别成矿带,近年来找矿进展显著,但成矿时代和成矿背景尚不清楚。矿区广泛发育新元古代片麻状二长花岗岩和变辉长岩,沿NE-NNE向和NW向断裂产出11条金矿（化）体。基于详细野外调查发现,矿区北部钾长花岗岩体、花岗斑岩体均被NE向含矿断裂穿切,为成矿前岩浆活动产物,矿区中部的闪长岩脉则穿切矿体,晚于成矿事件。钾长花岗岩体、花岗斑岩体和闪长岩脉的锆石U-Pb加权平均年龄分别为（133.6±1.1） Ma、（127.9±1.6） Ma和（126.6±1.3） Ma。因此,双庙关金矿床应形成于128～126 Ma,与小秦岭、熊耳山、桐柏等矿集区金爆发式成矿的时间一致,与中国东部岩石圈破坏导致的构造-岩浆事件密切相关。     

冰芯与寒区环境开放研究实验室的回顾与展望

History and current situations of ice core research in China are reviewed following the establishment of the Laboratory of Ice Core and Cold Regions Environment, CAS. At present, three research foci are mainly carried out in the laboratory, namely: (1) Interaction between glacier and atmosphere; (2) Ice core records; (3) The physics of snow and ice. Within the passing several years. over forty projects have been finished or are being carried out. and about 300 papers were published in various international or domestic scientific journals and 9 monographs were published too. The research results have been awarded two first-class prizes by the Chinese Academy of Sciences, one third-class national prize. and one fourth-class national prize. Intensive cooperation with authoritative research institutions has contributed much to the laboratory. which will be continuously emphasized in the future.     

中国南极冰川学研究10 a回顾与展望

The study of Antarctic glaciology in China is reviewed with the emphasis on the past decade. Much progress has been achieved in the physical characteristics of the Antarctic ice sheet and caps and in the study of climatic and environmental records in Antarctic snow and ice. Through observations of snow profiles of numerous snow-pits and shallow cores in the Wilkes Land and Lambert Glacier basin and along the route of the 1990 International Trans-Antarctica Science Expedition (ITASE), the regional features of snow deposition and densification in Antarctica were revealed. The Nelson Island ice cap in South Shetland Islands was investigated in detail that　greatly enriched the knowledge of glaciers under a sub-Antarctic maritime climate. From the analyses of shallow ice cores and surface snow samples, in particular those taken along the ITASE route, the systematic data of stable isotopes, soluble impurities and heavy metal Pb in present precipitation in Antarctica has been obtained. Some suggestions are proposed through discussing the present hot points in the above fields.     

The study on the depositional styles of major ions and the climatic effect of nssSO_4~(2-)in Princess Elizabeth Land, Antarctica

Snow samples collected from a 50 m firn core and two snow pits along the route of the 1996/1997 Chinese First Antarctic Inland Traverse Expedition in Princess Elizabeth Land, East Antarctica, have been analyzed for chemical composition and oxygen isotope ratio. Analyzing the relationship between the concentration and flux of major ions and accumulation rate can draw the following conclusions. 1) The concentrations of major ions in the atmosphere in the study region is big enough so that the concentrations of the ions do not vary with snow accumulation rate, that is to say, the concentrations of major chemical species are independent of snow accumulation rate. 2) The results of analyzing the depositional styles of major chemical species suggest that wet deposition dominates the major ions flux. In addition, there is no apparent correlation between nssSO 2- 4 fluctuations and isotope profile. This would indicate the short-term climatic effect of volcanism is not evident in the region.     

22.6--3.8 GHz 太阳射电动态频谱仪

给出北京天文台 ２．６—３．８ ＧＨ_(ｚ)太阳射电动态频谱仪的性能、结构及初步观测结果．     

混凝土结构CFRP加固界面粘接质量DSSPI无损检测研究

本文将数字错位散斑技术引入CFRP加固混凝土界面粘接质量的检测。对预制缺陷模型检测的结果表明,该方法能够迅速准确地对CFRP加固粘接质量作出检测和评价,为混凝土结构加固界面粘接质量无损诊断提供一种新思路。     

太湖底泥悬浮中营养盐释放的波浪水槽试验

波浪水槽中研究了小波掀沙(波高8.77cm,波周期0.8s)和大波掀沙(波高12.31cm和13.29cm,波周期1.0s)对太湖沉积物悬浮及N、P营养盐释放的作用规律.结果显示:小波掀沙时,底泥并未发生大量悬浮,SS浓度最高时仅13.6mg/L;大波掀沙时,底泥大规模悬浮,SS浓度最高达达245.2mg/L水体悬浮物、营养盐浓度变化滞后波高变化1h以上.当波高改变1h后,水体悬浮物、N、P营养盐浓度才改变到相应的平衡浓度.除总磷浓度显著提高外,小波掀沙对水体N、P浓度的影响很小,大波掀沙则显著提高了水体总氮、总溶解氮、总磷、总溶解磷、氨氮(NH4 -N)、溶解性活性磷(SRP),其中NH4 -N、SRP最大增幅达30％和20％.小波和大波掀沙过程中,水体溶解氧浓度均持续增加,掀沙2h后增高2mg/L,溶解性有机碳持续下降,2h后下降33％-51％.试验结果表明,掀沙过程中水体充氧及颗粒物的絮凝、吸附作用可能是限制NH4 -N、SRP浓度增高的重要因素之一.     

风浪扰动对太湖水体悬浮物重金属含量的影响

通过离心浓缩的方法,获取太湖梅梁湾口东岸处(即梅梁湾与贡湖湾的交界处)不同风浪条件下的悬浮颗粒物．冷冻干燥,微波消解,ICP-AES的方法测定了其中Co、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb、Zn等重金属元素及Al、Ca、Fe、Mn等相关金属元素的含量．结果发现,小风浪(2 m/s)、中风浪(7 m/s)和大风浪(11 m/s)下：①水体总悬浮颗粒态金属的量依次大幅度增加;②单位悬浮颗粒物中各金属元素的含量在不同风浪下变化不同．Ca在小、中、大风浪下含量依次增大;Zn在小、中、大风浪下含量依次减少;Mn和Cu的含量变化趋势相同：与小风浪相比,中风浪下Mn、Cu的含量显著增大;与中风浪相比,大风浪下含量显著减少;其它元素Al、Fe、Ni、Pb、Co、Cr等在单位悬浮物中,中风浪与小风浪相比含量减少,大风浪与中风浪相比含量略微增加．研究表明：①金属元素在水体总悬浮物中的含量主要受风浪影响,但风浪对单位悬浮物中金属含量的影响则因元素而异;②除Cu、Mn、Zn外,悬浮物中重金属含量随粒径增大含量减少．     

太湖梅梁湾有色可溶性有机物的空间分布及光学行为

2004年3月对太湖梅梁湾有色可溶性有机物(CDOM)的吸收和荧光等光学行为进行研究,并由此探讨了CDOM的空间分布．结果表明,溶解性有机碳(DOC)的浓度在10．48-19．72 mg／L间变化,其均值为13．20±2．79 mg／L;CDOM在280 nm,355 nm和440 nm的吸收系数分别为18．73-31．91 m-1(平均值23．19±4．36 m-1)、4．63-7．14 m-1(平均值5．76±0．91 m-1)、1．45-2．99 m-1(平均值1．92±0．40 m-1);355 nm波长处CDOM的比吸收系数为0．34-0．57 L／(mg·m),平均值0．44±0．06 L/(mg·m);表征CDOM分子大小的比值a(250)／a(365)变化范围为5．05-7．55;355 nm的激发波长、450 nm的发射波长处的荧光值的变化范围0．79-3 04 nm-1(平均值1．69±0．77 nm-1)．CDOM吸收系数、DOC浓度、荧光强度的分析显示CDOM浓度呈现从河口往湾内、湾口递减的趋势．CDOM吸收与DOC浓度的相关性随波长的降低而增加,在短波部分存在明显的正相关．355 nm处的荧光值、DOC浓度与CDOM吸收系分别存在如下显著性正相关关系:Fn(355)=0．692(±0．135)a(355)-2．297(±0．786),a(355)=0．233(±0．061)DOC 2．690(±0．816)．280 -500 nm、280-360 nm、360-440 nm指数函数斜率S值分别为13．86±0．91、18．54±1．11、12．93±0．92μm-1,S值与比吸收系数之间存在显著的负线性相关关系,而与a(25)／a(365)值则存在显著的正线性关系．比吸收系数越大,a(250)／a(365)值和S值就越小,对应的CDOM分子量就越大,腐质酸的比例就越高．