多套土壤湿度替代资料在青藏高原的适用性分析

目前,仍没有一套公认的能够很好的描述高原土壤湿度变化特征的替代资料,为此利用收集到的多套观测资料作为参考,分别对各种替代资料在高原的适用性进行了评估。结果表明:(1)观测资料表明,高原的土壤湿度在表层、中层、深层的变化具有较好的一致性,表层与中层、中层与深层的土壤湿度相关系数均在0.8以上。(2)卫星反演资料SSM/I RETRIEVALS在各个站点与观测值的相关系数都为正,在高原东南部、中部、北部相关系数都在0.5以上,且标准差与高原东南和中部的观测标准差较为接近,适用于高原的大范围地区,是研究青藏高原土壤湿度多年变化特征的一套较好的替代资料。(3)春季高原土壤湿度的空间分布具有南部边缘较大、由东南向西北递减的特征,大部分地区的土壤湿度具有明显的线性增加趋势;去除趋势后,高原东、西各有一个均方差大值区,东、西关键区内的土壤湿度从春到夏都具有较好的持续性,可以作为预测我国夏季降水的重要因子。     

SEASONAL TRANSITION OF EAST ASIAN SUBTROPICAL MONSOON AND ITS POSSIBLE MECHANISM

The NCEP/NCAR reanalysis datasets and Climate Prediction Center(CPC) Merged Analysis of Precipitation(CMAP) rain data are used to investigate the large scale seasonal transition of East Asian subtropical monsoon(EASM) and its possible mechanism.The key region of EASM is defined according to the seasonal transition feature of meridional wind.By combining the ’thermal wind’ formula and the ’thermal adaptation’ equation,a new ’thermal-wind-precipitation’ relation is deduced.The area mean wind directions and thermal advections in different seasons are analyzed and it is shown that in summer(winter) monsoon period,the averaged wind direction in the EASM region varies clockwise(anticlockwise) with altitude,and the EASM region is dominated by warm(cold) advection.The seasonal transition of the wind direction at different levels and the corresponding meridional circulation consistently indicates that the subtropical summer monsoon is established between the end of March and the beginning of April.Finally,a conceptual schematic explanation for the mechanism of seasonal transition of EASM is proposed.