陨石状态方程形式的选择与参量的确定——以吉林球粒陨石和南丹铁陨石为例

在二级轻气炮动高压装置上用电探针技术测量了吉林球粒陨石(H5)和南丹铁陨石(ⅢCD)的冲击压缩线,然后分别选择几种可能适用于普通球粒陨石和铁陨石状态方程的数学表达式,并确定了状态方程中的有关参量值.从状态方程的P(V)关系曲线与实验数据的比较来看,吉林球粒陨石最适合采用普适状态方程形式,而南丹铁陨石则最适合采用三项式状态方程形式.吉林球粒陨石的普适状态方程参量K_(OS)=48.10GPa,K’_(OS)=4.13.南丹铁陨石的三项式状态方程参量Q=41.2353lGPa,q=12.27179,这是吉林球粒陨石和南丹铁陨石状态方程的首次报道.     

南极陨石研究的启示 Ⅵ:火星陨石的研究及宇宙化学意义

火星陨石的发现使人类第一次获得了除地球之外，太阳系另一类地行星的岩石样品。目前已收集并确证的火星陨石共１０个，包括了４种岩石类型，其中有４个火星陨石是在南极地区发现和回收的。本文通过对火星陨石有关岩石学、矿物学、全岩化学组成、轻元素及稀有气体的同位素组成，以及同位素年代学特征的总结和对比，对火星幔的化学组成特征、岩浆作用及火星表面的化学风化作用等进行了初步的讨论。     

Progress in study of Chinese Antarctic Meteorites

This paper reviews and summarizes the Chinese Antarctica meteorite search, classification and research. During the past four antarctic explorations, a total of 9834 meteorites were collected in the Grove Mountains region. Among them, 2431 meteorites were classified by the end of 2008. So far, 684 meteorites have been officially published in the Meteoritical Bulletin, Meteoritical Society, including 2 martian meteorites, 2 eucrites, 6 ureilites, 5 mesosiderites, 1 pallasite, 1 iron and 10 carbonaceous chondrites. Comprehensive studies were carried out on a number of these rare type meteorites. In addition, we propose to continue the meteorite searching project in Grove Mountains and other regions in Antarctica. We also suggest several key topics of the future researches on the Chinese Antarctic meteorites.     

Petrography and Mineral Chemistry of 4 Carbonaceous Chondrites from the Grove Mountains, Antarctica

Petrography and mineral chemistry of four carbonaceous chondrites (GRV 020017, GRV 020025, GRV 021579, GRV 022459) collected from the Grove Mountains (GRV), Antarctica, were reported here. All four chondrites are unequilibrated, as indicated by well shaped chondrules and the chemical variations of olivine and low-Ca pyroxene. The modal abundance ratio of matrix/chondrule are 2(GRV 020017), 2.8(GRV 020025), 1.2(GRV 021579), 1(GRV 022459). GRV 022459 has the largest chondrules(0.6-2.0mm). A total of 30 Ca-Al-rich inclusions were found in the four meteorites. Most inclusions were highly altered, with abundant phyllosilicates in the inclusions of GRV 020017 and GRV 020025. On the base of petrography and mineral chemistry, these chondrites are classified as CM2 (GRV 020017 and 020025), CO3 (GRV 021579) and CV3 (GRV 022459).     

沙漠陨石

笔者介绍对非洲撒哈拉沙漠陨石和澳大利亚纳拉伯沙漠陨石的野外考察工作以及对沙漠陨石的研究概况，期望以此促进在我国开发沙漠陨石的寻找和研究工作。     

我国九个普通球粒陨石的岩石学研究

对我国新近降落的九十普通球粒陨石进行了岩石学和矿物学的研究，在此基础上划分了9个球柱陨石的化学-岩石类型，它们是南通(H4)、枣阳(H5)，肇东(L4)，启东（L-LL5)、饶阳(L4)、射阳(L6)、广南(L6)、随州(L6)及导河(L4)球粒陨石。     

我国两个南极陨石及光明山和庄河球粒陨石宇宙射线暴露历史

在岩石矿物学研究的基础上, 测定了我国两个南极陨石、以及光明山和庄河球粒陨石的稀有气体同位素丰度, 并根据宇宙成因核素的产率, 获得了这4个普通球粒陨石的宇宙射线暴露年龄和气体保存年龄. 两个南极陨石的暴露年龄分别为17.0±2.5 Ma(GRV 98002)和0.052±0.008 Ma(GRV 98004), 光明山球粒陨石为68.9±10 Ma, 庄河球粒陨石为3.8±0.6 Ma. GRV 98004(H5)的暴露年龄是目前南极陨石中已知最低的, 而光明山球粒陨石的暴露年龄高于我国其他H群球粒陨石. GRV 98002和庄河球粒陨石在宇宙射线暴露期间可能受到冲击事件或由于小的近日距轨道导致加热, 造成低的4He含量, 而GRV 98002和光明山球粒陨石的宇宙成因核素³He和⁴He则基本上同步丢失.