Thermogravimetry-differential thermal analysis coupled with chromatography as a thermal simulation experimental method and its application to gaseous hydrocarbons from different source rocks

In this paper a thermogravimetry-differential thermal analysis method coupled with chromatography （TG-DTA-GC） has been adopted to simulate the generation of gaseous hydrocarbons from different hydrocarbon source rocks such as coals, mudstones, and carbonate rocks with different maturities. The temperature programming for thermal simulation experiment is 20℃/min from ambient temperature to 700℃. As viewed from the quantities and composition of generated gaseous hydrocarbons at different temperatures, it is shown that low-mature coal has experienced the strongest exothermic reaction and the highest loss of weight in which the first exothermic peak is relatively low. Low-mature coal samples have stronger capability of generating gaseous hydrocarbons than high-mature samples. The amounts and composition of gaseous hydrocarbons generated are closely related not only to the abundance of organic carbon in source rocks, but also to the type of kerogen in the source rocks, and their thermal maturity. In the present highly mature and over-mature rock samples organic carbon, probably, has already been exhausted, so the production of gaseous hydrocarbons in large amounts is impossible. The contents of heavy components in gaseous hydrocarbons from the source rocks containing type- Ⅰ and - Ⅱ kerogens are generally high ; those of light components such as methane and ethane in gaseous hydrocarbons from the source rocks with Ⅲ-type kerogens are high as well. In the course of thermal simulation of carbonate rock samples, large amounts of gaseous hydrocarbons were produced in a high temperature range.     

一次典型大范围冷流暴雪个例的诊断分析

利用常规天气图和WRF模式模拟的数据,对2010年12月30日发生在山东半岛的一次冷流暴雪过程进行了天气学诊断分析。结果表明:(1)这是一次典型的大范围冷流暴雪过程,500hPa低涡位置偏南(43°N以南)、850hPa西北冷平流范围广,强度强是造成本次暴雪范围大的主要原因,为强冷流降雪的产生提供了有利条件。(2)降雪的水汽来自渤海,由西北风向山东半岛输送,并在半岛北部辐合;高湿区集中在850hPa以下,湿层较为浅薄。(3)降雪落区与高相当位温脊的位置存在着对应关系,强降雪通常发生在脊线附近;θe等值线向上凸起的高能区集中在750hPa以下,大气不稳定层结较低。(4)强烈的上升运动集中在对流层低层750hPa以下,上升运动越强,降雪量越大。⑸受地形影响,西北风吹向辽东半岛时转为东北风,西北风与东北风在渤海中东部至山东半岛形成切变线,切变线的方向和位置决定了降雪的强度与落区;风速在半岛北部低山丘陵前辐合,有利于产生上升运动,使得降雪加强。     

2013年吉林省农业气象条件及其对农业生产的影响概述

2013年吉林省作物生长季农业气象条件总的特点是：气温略高,积温偏多,降水偏多,日照正常稍少。粮食主产区农业气象灾害发生种类比常年少、发生程度轻,农业病虫害影响也较轻,初霜期正常稍晚,主要粮食作物在霜冻前正常成熟。但局地农业气象灾害仍然存在,如春季遭遇低温春涝,造成作物播种期延迟,作物灌浆期出现明显低温时段,中南部、东部地区汛期出现局地暴雨洪涝等灾害。总体上看,气象条件对农业生产的影响利多弊少,且利远大于弊。积温多、农田墒情好、农业气象灾害程度轻,病虫害影响较小是今年吉林省粮豆总产量创历史新高的首要因素。     

GIS专业人才培养的实践教学体系构建

实践教学是GIS专业人才培养不可缺少的重要环节.文章在分析国内外GIS实践教学现状的基础上,建立了GIS专业实践教学系统,确定了实践体系、实践模式与综合能力间的关系,系统阐述了GIS实践教学体系和模式的主要内容,提出多层次知识结构GIS人才培养的实践教学体系和模式.该GIS实践教学系统在高校GIS实践教学中得以广泛推广,为GIS教育和GIS创新人才的培养发挥重要的作用.     

海底管道油品泄漏速度的影响研究

为了预测海底管道泄漏油品的扩散规律,解决油品泄漏后的回收处理问题,文中基于计算流体力学CFD的基础,选取k-ε模型和VOF模型建立数值模拟仿真模型,根据不同泄漏速度,模拟了原油泄漏后的扩散情况。通过不同的泄漏速度的分析可以得出:泄漏速度低时,射流持续时间短,发生在海底且横向扩散位移呈线性变化,泄漏速度高时射流时间长,发生位置较高,横向扩散位移分成三个阶段:扩散-短暂停止-扩散。且随着泄漏速度的增加,其对横向位移的影响越来越小。该研究可为海底管道漏油应急预报系统提供理论参考。