成都山地灾害与环境研究所改由双重领导

1989年8月14日中国科学院与水利部共同决定,将成都山地灾害与环境研究所改由双重领导,以便更好地贯彻落实经济建设必须依靠科学技术,科学技术必须面向经济建设的方针,使该所科研工作能更紧密地结合我国水土保持领域和国民经济建设。     

面向北斗单历元分米级定位的ARAIM保护水平计算方法CSCD

精密定位的质量控制和完好性评估是实时全球卫星导航系统(GNSS)导航应用不可或缺的环节,尤其是在GNSS易受损害的城市峡谷等场景下,这种需求更加迫切.广域精密单点定位(PPP)瞬时分米级定位,利用GNSS三频信号形成的两个宽巷观测值可以实现单点单历元分米级定位.然而,在城市复杂环境中,反射信号、严重多路径以及其他信号干扰对定位造成的影响无法准确评估与识别,限制了PPP瞬时分米级单点定位的应用.完好性概念中的高级接收机自主完好性监测(ARAIM)可以计算用户定位误差最小置信区间的上限保护水平(PL)以评估定位有效性,可经过一定改进用于PPP瞬时定位的质量控制.针对当前ARAIM中计算PL的误差模型难以适应高精度定位需求的问题,提出了一种改进的ARAIM PL算法,称其为BARAIM(Back Advanced Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring).使用PPP三频组合观测值残差对ARAIM权与误差模型进行修正以计算PL.基于不同复杂程度的环境下采集的车载数据对算法进行了验证,对PL的改进情况以及导航的可用性提升情况进行评估.结果表明:在不同环境下,基于改进的B-ARAIM算法得到的PL,相比传统方法得到的PL更符合城市定位的需要,将PL降低了30%~70%.此方法有助于将ARAIM算法应用在高精度GNSS定位领域.     

世界海洋油气资源与勘探模式概述

描述了全球海洋油气储量的总体情况、海洋油气资源的地域分布以及海洋油气产量的状况与增长趋势。简略阐述了海洋油气勘探的阶段划分、海洋地质调查、海洋地球化学勘探、海洋非地震地球物理勘探以及海洋地震勘探各方法的基本特点、关键技术和常用手段等。对海洋油气勘探的前景,尤其是深水区和天然气水合物的勘探前景作了展望。     

珊瑚藻类钙化的研究

于１９９１年４－６月,在日本海若峡湾采集珊瑚藻类样品,采用钙镁离子定量的方法。对小珊瑚藻,异边孢藻和大边孢藻的Ｇａ,Ｍｇ及其碳酸盐的含量,无机和有机态碳元素的量比以及前两种藻类的钙化与光合作用固碳速度进行了研究。结果表明,三种珊瑚藻类的碳酸盐占藻体干重的７７％－８０％,其中ＣａＣＯ３占６６％－７０％,ＭｇＣＯ３占１０％－１１％。小珊瑚藻中Ｇａ的含量比两种边孢藻高,而Ｍｇ的含量则比后两者低。     

精密卫星钟差内插的埃尔米特方法

讨论了利用埃尔米特（Hermite）插值进行GPS精密卫星钟差的内插,并用实例数据进行了内插,即对5min采样率的IGS钟差文件,采用两点三次埃尔米特插值,能得到高精度和高分辨率的卫星钟差。     

白令海大型底栖动物群落结构及其空间分布格局

Due to its unique geological location, the Bering Sea is an ideal place to investigate the water exchange and ecosystem connectivity of the Pacific Ocean–Arctic Ocean and subarctic–Arctic region. Based on a number of summer surveys(July to September, 2010, 2012 and 2014), macrobenthic communities and their spatial-temporal patterns are exhibited for the majority of the Bering Sea(53°59′–64°36′N). The results show that the macrobenthic communities were dominated by northern cold-water species and immigrant eurythermic species, and the communities assumed a dispersed and patchy distribution pattern. Polychaetes(Scoloplos armiger), crustaceans(Ceradocus capensis) and sea urchins(Echinarachnius parma) were the main dominant groups in the shallow shelves; the sea star(Ctenodiscus crispatus) and the brittle star(Ophiura sarsii) were the main dominant groups in the continental slope; whereas small polychaetes(Prionospio malmgreni) dominated the basin area. Sediment type, water depth, and currents were the major factors affecting the structure and spatial distribution of the macrobenthic communities. Compared with other seas, the shallow areas of the Bering Sea showed an extremely high-standing biomass. In particular, the northern shelf area(north of St. Lawrence Islands and west of 170°W),which is primarily controlled by Anadyr Water, is an undersea oasis. In contrast, a deficiency in the downward transport of particulate organic carbon has resulted in a desert-like seabed in the basin area. By comparing our results to previous studies, we found that macrobenthic communities of the Bering Sea have undergone significant structural changes in recent decades, resulting in a decrease in abundance and an increase in biomass.In addition, populations of amphipods and bivalves in the northern shelves have decreased significantly and have been gradually replaced by other species. These changes might be associated with advanced seasonal ice melting,changes in organic carbon input, and global warming, indicating that large-scale ecosystem changes have been occurring in the Bering Sea.     

真空爆裂提取含矿流体法测定热液中成矿元素的含量

定量地测量成矿流体中成矿元素的含量对于解决矿床成因和探讨成矿流体的演化有着十分重要的意义。目前国际上普遍采用单个包裹体激光显微探针拉曼光谱法、包裹体显微光谱分析法和包裹体群的化学成份分析。前两种方法可以对包裹体(或单个包裹体)中的气体、液体和固体进行定量分析,在国外发展比较迅速,我国还几乎是空白,个别学者作过尝试,但由于分析标准和仪器水平等     

两种结合抗滑键的自平衡挡墙对滑坡的防治效果研究

以北京延庆区某索道基座滑坡治理工程为背景,通过建模对直立式挡墙、仰斜式挡墙结合抗滑键对滑坡的防治效果进行分析。结果表明：采用自平衡挡墙治理方案时,在抗滑键长度、挡墙高度一定的情况下,当坡顶为自然边坡,且外荷载相对较小时,仰斜式挡墙结合抗滑键对滑坡的防治效果更优;当坡顶存在较大外荷载时,直立式挡墙+抗滑键的自平衡挡墙对滑坡的防治效果更好。根据分析结论,结合治理工程实际条件,治理方案采用了直立式挡墙+抗滑键,目前支护结构运行良好,边坡稳定。可为类似边坡治理工程提供参考。