Utilization of recycled solid waste as ecological reclamation materials based on plant growth experiments and soil quality analysis

During the highway construction, a large number of spoil areas will be generated while a large amount of waste slag and soil could not be rationally utilized. Besides, the vegetation recovery is slow in the spoil areas due to the soil depletion. Aiming at recycling the solid waste, the sieved engineering waste slag with local red clay and corn straw biochar was supplied to solve the problem of insufficient nutrients in engineering waste slag and soil. In addition, planting experiments of alfalfa...     

Structural Characteristics and its Significances on Hydrocarbon Accumulation in the Yunkai Low Uplift,Pearl River Mouth Basin

The Yunkai low uplift with low exploration degree is close to the Baiyun sag,and has hydrocarbon exploration potential in the deepwater area of the Pearl River Mouth Basin.Based on seismic and drilling data,balanced profiles and growth strata,this paper mainly discusses geological structures and formation processes of the Yunkai low uplift,and also analyzes the characteristics of fault system and their influence on hydrocarbon migration and accumulation.The EWtrending basement faults divide the Yunkai low uplift into two parts,i.e.the southern sector and the northern sector.The northern sector is a relatively wide and gentle uplift,while the southern sector is composed of two secondary half-grabens with faulting in the south and overlapping in the north.The Yunkai low uplift experienced three major formation stages,including the rapid uplifting stage during the deposition period of the Eocene Wenchang Formation,the slow uplifting stage during the deposition period of the Late Eocene-Middle Miocene Enping-Hanjiang formations,and the whole burial stage from the Middle Miocene to present.The extensional faults in the Yunkai low uplift and its adjacent areas strike mainly along the NW,NWW and near-EW directions.Also,the strikes of faults present a clockwise rotation from the deep to the shallow strata.According to effects of faults on hydrocarbon accumulation the faults in the Yunkai low uplift and its adjacent areas can be divided into trap-controlled faults and source-controlled faults.The trap-controlled faults control trap development and can effectively seal oil and gas.The source-controlled faults connect directly source rocks and reservoirs,which are highly active during the rifting stage and weakly active since the Miocene.This activity features of the source-controlled faults is beneficial to migration of the early crude oil from the Baiyun sag to the high part of the Yunkai low uplift,but is not good for migration of the late natural gas.In the Yunkai low uplift and its adjacent areas,the traps in the deep Zhuhai and Enping formations that are close to source rocks in the Baiyun sag should be the favorable exploration objectives.     

Level study on fractal characteristics of tidal creeks and information of seashell habitats in the Gaizhou Beach based on high-resolution satellite images

The fractal characteristics of tidal creeks in the Gaizhou Beach are analyzed based on high-resolution images fusion of Landsat TM and ERS-2, and then the graphic models and characteristics of converse information tree of tidal creeks in the Gaizhou Beach are established. A calculation model is established based on the above results, and at the same time, quantitative calculation of the evolution characteristics and the diversity between the northern and the southern parts of the Gaizhou Beach is carried out. By the supervised classification of these images, distribution and areas of high tidal flats, middle tidal flats and low tidal flats in the Gaizhou Beach are studied quantitatively, and image charactistics of seashell habitats in the Gaizhou Beach and the correlation between mudflat distribution and seashell habitats are studied. At last, the engineering problems in the Gaizhou Beach are discussed.     

Ocean and climate sciences taking grand challenges and extraordinary opportunities: introduction to COAA 2007 special sections

In this universe, the earth is a unique breeding ground for living beings. It bares the evolutions, sustains the survival and enriches the development of human species. The studies of history have indicated that minute changes of the earth＇ s environment may have caused great impacts on the vulnerable balanced ecological systems, endanger the living conditions for human beings and associated cultures. Thus, understanding the nature＇s governing rules of the earth, and clarifying its fundamental laws of sciences are everlasting research topics for the human pursuits.     

Nitrate δ15N and δ18O evidence for active biological transformation in the Changjiang Estuary and the adjacent East China Sea

The Changjiang Estuary has been considered as one of the most polluted estuaries in the world due to high nitrate (NO-3) input, especially in spring and summer. In this study, δ15N and δ18O of NO-3 , along with other chemical parameters in this area, were measured in spring to evaluate NO-3 biogeochemical processes. A simple two end-members mixing model was used to examine the relative contribution of the Changjiang River Diluted Water and marine water to NO-3 sources in the Changjiang Estuary and the adjacent East China Sea. The isotopic signals show that NO-3 behaved relatively and conservatively in Transect F and Transect P where assimilation was weak possibly due to vertical mixing, while active assimilation and weak nitrification occurred in Transect D. Spatial difference in assimilation was indicated by the～1:1 enrichment of δ15N and δ18O in the three transects, while spatial difference in nitrification was reflected by deviations of δ15 N and δ18O from assimilation line. Our results suggest that the input of the Changjiang River Diluted Water promoted NO-3 assimilation possibly by stratifying the water column which favored the phytoplankton growth.     

The Arctic Sea Ice Thickness Change in CMIP6's Historical Simulations

This study assesses sea ice thickness(SIT) from the historical run of the Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project Phase 6(CMIP6). The SIT reanalysis from the Pan-Arctic Ice Ocean Modeling and Assimilation System(PIOMAS)product is chosen as the validation reference data. Results show that most models can adequately reproduce the climatological mean, seasonal cycle, and long-term trend of Arctic Ocean SIT during 1979–2014, but significant intermodel spread exists. Differences in simulated SIT patte...     

Lineaperpetua gen. nov.: a new diatom genus in the Thalassiosirales supported by morphology and molecular data

Based on a combination of morphology and molecular data of ribosomal DNA genes, a new diatom genus Lineaperpetua gen. nov. Yu, You, Kociolek & Wang is described. The features that help define Lineaperpetua at the level of genus include: a tangentially undulated valve face; continuous cribra areolae on the valve interior consisting of pores arranged as strips; single rimoportula located inside the ring of marginal fultoportulae. Additionally, phylogenetic analysis based on nuclear small subun...     

An Experimental Study on Modulating the Large Volume Airgun Array Signals through Asynchronous Excitation

Large volume airgun arrays have been widely used in exploring and monitoring underground structures for nearly a decade. Nowadays, large volume airgun arrays adopt the synchronous excitation mode, and source characteristics are controlled by the source signal of a single airgun, which to some extent limits its application. In order to realize the asynchronous excitation of the airgun array, we developed a new firing system for the airgun array, and carried out a field experiment in the Binchuan Fixed Airgun Signal Transmission station to study the influences of the asynchronous excitation on the source signal. The experimental results show that:the newly developed airgun array firing system can ignite the airguns according to the setting time series with high precision. By designing the excitation time series, the asynchronous excitation can enhance the energy of airgun source signal at 3-5Hz, and reduce the energy of pressure pulse wave at 6-18Hz. The signal detection capability of the asynchronous excitation with time series mode is equivalent to the synchronous excitation.     

Research on Energy Radiation Characteristics of an Airgun Source Excited in Land Reservoir

The energy radiation process of an airgun seismic source in land reservoir is studied based on the underwater wavelet data collected in the airgun excitation experiments in Binchuan, Yunnan, China. The empirical formula for calculating the bubble pulsation period and the maximum radius of the underwater airgun seismic source is obtained. The results show that: ① The energy radiation efficiency is higher vertically than horizontally. ② The vertical bubble energy radiation efficiency increases with the increase of the air supply pressure. ③ The vertical energy radiation efficiency of the airgun seismic source is 9.4% when the air supply pressure is 15 MPa. ④ The higher the air supply pressure, the further the propagating distance of the superposition-enhanced pressure wave of an airgun source.     

Intensity Distribution of the Mojiang MS5.9 Earthquake in Yunnan in 2018

The distribution of the intensity of the Mojiang M_S5.9 earthquake in Yunnan Province is expounded, and the damage characteristics of buildings and the damage ratio and seismic damage index of various building structures in each intensity area are compared with those of The Chinese Seismic Intensity Scale. The main basis and method of seismic intensity assessment are discussed in this paper. It is concluded that: ① The seismic intensity should be based on the earthquake damage of the housing structure, which takes up a high ratio in the seismic intensity assessment. It is recommended that seismic intensity is estimated by calculating the average seismic damage index. ② The highest intensity of the Mojiang M_S5.9 earthquake is Ⅷ degrees, with the long axis trending in the north-west direction. The area above Ⅶ degrees is 5,180 km~2. ③ The intensity distribution of the Mojiang M_S5.9 earthquake meets the national standard and the distribution law of seismic intensity in Yunnan.