塔里木河流域绿洲城镇发展与水土资源效益分析

通过Global Moran's I 指数和Getis-Ord Gi*指数并构建协调发展度模型对塔里木河流域绿洲城镇1995、2000、2005 和2008 年4 个时间点的城镇化水平、土地资源效益和水资源效益的集聚扩散状态及其冷热点空间格局演化与空间联动效应进行分析,得出结论：受塔河流域绿洲分布、气候条件及城镇发展基础等多种因素影响,城镇化和水土资源效益空间格局表现出不尽相同的状态。① 塔河流域城镇化与水土资源效益的集聚扩散状态不一致,城镇发展与自然条件相互作用的时间和力度不同决定了三者空间差异的必然性。② 受城镇化所处阶段、城镇职能与主导产业的影响,各县市水土资源开发的时序不同,城镇化和水土资源效益各自的热点演化格局明显不同,区域联动效应差异显著。③ 城镇化与水土资源效益冷热点区域的数量结构迥异。城镇不平衡发展仍然是主导趋势,土地资源效益滞后于城镇发展,水资源效益敏感性较强。④ 塔河流域范围广,自然条件复杂,各二级流域城镇化与水土资源效益的差异性显著。⑤ 城镇化与水土资源效益协调发展度的类型主要为发展水平低和较低两种,协调发展度的空间格局相比其冷热点区域的空间格局更具稳定性,三者差异显著是协调发展度低的重要原因。     

具有越流补给的含水煤层渗流模型求解与典型曲线

为了分析水层越流补给对煤层气井早期排水的影响,根据不稳定渗流理论,引入越流系数,建立了考虑层间越流现象的煤层中水的渗流数学模型。通过Laplace变换对模型求解,并利用Stehfest反演得到实空间的解,采用新的参数组合,分别绘制了压力和压力导数双对数曲线图版。从物理渗流机理上分析了层间越流对曲线形态的影响,随着越流系数的增大,径向流结束的时间越早;同时提出了利用典型图版拟合确定储层渗透率、表皮系数以及越流系数的方法。典型图版有助于定量评价越流的强弱,对煤层气井后续排采制度的调整具有指导意义。     

COMPARISON OF PERSIANN AND TMPA DAILY PRECIPITATION ESTIMATES OVER HUNAN PROVINCE OF CHINA

This study presented a detailed comparison of daily precipitation estimates from Precipitation Estimation from Remote Sensing Information using Artificial Neural Network (PERSIANN) and Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Multi -satellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA) over Hunan province of China from 1998 to 2014. The ground gauge observations are taken as the reference. It is found that overall TMPA clearly outperforms PERSIANN, indicating by better statistical metrics (including correlation coefficient, root mean square error and relative bias). For the geospatial pattern, although both products are able to capture the major precipitation features (e.g., precipitation geospatial homogeneity) in Hunan, yet PERSIANN largely underestimates the precipitation intensity throughout all seasons. In contrast, there is no clear bias tendency from TMPA estimates. Precipitation intensity analysis showed that both the occurrence and amount histograms from TMPA are closer to the gauge observations from spring to autumn. However, in the winter season PERSIANN is closer to gauge observation, which is likely due to the ground contamination from the passive microwave sensors used by TMPA.     

京津冀地区陆路交通网络发展过程及可达性演变特征（英文）

From the development of modern transportation to the current era of high-speed transportation networks, the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei(BTH) region has always played a national leading role in land transportation development of China. In order to explore the long-term evolutionary characteristics of land transportation in the BTH region, this paper utilized a temporal scale of 100 years to systematically interpret the development process of the land transportation network. Taking 13 cities within the BTH region as research anchor cities, we took into account "leaping" mode of transportation in order to investigate the evolution of accessibility. Our research shows the following results:(1) The land transportation network in the BTH region has undergone five stages of development: the initial period of modernization(1881–1937); the period of stagnation of transportation development(1937–1949); the network expansion period(1949–1980); the period of trunk construction(1980–1995), and the period of high-speed transportation network development(1995–present). The network structure centered around Beijing has existed from the outset of modern transportation development.(2) The accessibility spatial pattern of land transportation in BTH region has evolved from expansion along traffic corridors to the formation of concentric circles. The stratified circular structure of transportation in anchor cities has gradually developed into a contiguous development pattern.(3) There are clear hierarchical differences in the transportation structures of anchor cities. Beijing has always been at the top of this hierarchy, while the hierarchical position of Zhangjiakou has fallen noticeably since 1949. The Beijing-Tianjin region was the first region to form a short-duration transportation circle structure, while the transportation advantages of the central part of Hebei Province, which is located in the center of the BTH transportation region, have yet to be realized.     

中国工业基地的甄别与演化模式研究（英文）

The rapid progress of China's industrialization has been manifested in space as the formation and evolution of a series of industrial bases. Employing data from the years 1985, 2001 and 2010, this paper carries out differentiation, screening, and categorization of industrial bases in China. It then analyses the evolutional characteristics of these industrial bases and explores different paths of growth according to their scale or types, and summarizes the general pattern for their formation and evolution. The results of this study indicate that China's industrial bases as a whole have gone through three spatial stages since the founding of the PRC in 1949: decentralized development before reform and opening up in 1978, gradual concentration in eastern coastal regions during the early period of reform and opening up, and balanced and diversified development since the beginning of the 21 st century. By 2010, China had a total of 251 industrial bases and had thereby established the overall spatial map of its industrialization. As industrial bases expand in scale, their industrial structures develop from homogenization to diversification, and then again from diversification to competitive optimization. Leading industries in the vast majority of industrial bases constantly evolve along the track of light industries, basic materials industries, and advanced manufacturing industries. Meanwhile, the key factors in their evolution and development transition from traditional factors of production like resources and labor to new ones like capital and information, but there are significant differences in terms of influencing factors and growth paths between large, medium, and small bases. Small industrial bases primarily rely on natural resources to maintain development through a single leading industry, medium industrial bases gradually become more comprehensive in their industrial compositions, and large industrial bases evolve in the direction of a combination of basic materials industries and equipment manufacturing industries.     

中印城镇化区域差异及城镇体系空间演化比较

中国和印度作为两个正在崛起的大国,发展历程较为相似,但发展路径和模式差异较大。两个国家政治制度、经济体系、发展环境等的显著差异已经吸引了学者的广泛关注,本文将从地理学视角出发,重点关注两国城镇化及城镇体系的区域差异和空间演化过程。以人口普查和联合国城市人口数据为基础,采用空间分析、参数估计、非参数估计等多种方法,对中印两国城镇化和城镇体系的空间特征进行系统的比较分析,结果表明：① 20世纪90年代以来,中国城镇化的区域差异由南北差异转变为沿海—内部差异,而印度南北差异的格局则基本稳定;② 从省（邦）级空间尺度来看,中国和印度的人口密度和城镇化率都呈现正相关关系,当城镇化率超过50%后,两者的相关性更为显著,但是近年来中国人口密度与城镇化率的相关性不断增强,而印度则呈现降低的趋势;③ 现阶段中印两国以大中城市为主的城镇体系符合位序—规模分布的特征,但是经济改革对于两个国家城镇体系空间演化的影响差异明显,改革使得中国城镇发展的主要驱动力由地理历史因素向经济系统空间结构转变,而印度城镇发展的驱动力始终是地理历史因素,经济改革甚至降低了经济系统空间结构对城镇发展的影响。     

日本刺沙蚕的性信息素研究

日本刺沙蚕（Ｎｅｒｅｉｓｊａｐｏｎｉｃａ）广泛分布于中国沿海，是鱼、虾的优良饵料，冬末春初繁殖时离开河口向盐度较高的海区移动。与多齿围沙蚕，褐片阔沙蚕等其它沙蚕不同，日本刺沙蚕在繁殖过程中不出现完全变态，但是与其它沙蚕一样，其繁殖过程也受一组性信息素控制。从雌性成熟的日本刺沙蚕体腔液中提取并鉴定出一种有生物活性的挥发性物质──辛二烯－［３，５］－酮－［２］，这种化合物可以增加群浮个体在配子释放之前婚舞时的游动速度．但不诱导配子释放。在许多沙蚕中有着性信息素作用的５－甲基－３－庚酮，在日本刺沙蚕体腔液中没有发现，也没有性信息素作用。     

子洲气田山2气藏气井产水成因研究

在岩性气藏开发过程中,气井产水存在多种类型,气水分布在纵向和横向上都相对复杂.以子洲气田山 2 气藏为例,根据试气、测井和生产动态资料,将气井产水划分为纯水层、致密水层和气层产水 3 种类型,每种类型都受成藏环境、构造条件、储层岩性与物性等方面控制.除正常边底水类型的纯水层外,在岩性气藏部分井区中,由于储层条件变差,气体驱替能量不足,造成孔隙中水未受到天然气的大规模排驱而残留了大量地层水;形成致密水层和气层产微量地层水.     

模拟退火算法在水驱气藏物质平衡计算中的应用

在利用物质平衡方程计算水驱气藏地质储量时 ,传统的试凑法虽然有一定科学合理性 ,但由于存在很多不确定参数 ,在精确计算中因工作量大 ,很难推广。为此 ,在分析水驱气藏物质平衡方程的基础上 ,建立最优化模型 ,并引入全局寻优性较好的模拟退火方法进行求解。经实际计算表明 ,方法具有全局收敛性 ,计算结果有较高可信度。     

世界能源贸易网络的演化特征与能源竞合关系

详尽地探讨全球能源贸易网络的演化特征及国际贸易的竞合关系,可为中国能源贸易政策的制定提供科学支撑。论文运用复杂网络方法,从整体格局出发研究了世界能源贸易网络的演化特征,并重点从供给与需求两方面分析了贸易集团演化与供需大国的能源竞合关系。研究结果表明：20世纪90年代以来,世界能源贸易关系不断趋于复杂化。近年来,能源贸易主体数量基本保持稳定,当前占世界总数近80%的国家/地区均参与能源贸易;世界能源贸易网络同时具有小世界特性与无标度特性;世界能源的进出口格局已发生重塑,能源的出口重心逐渐由东亚、中东、澳洲和欧洲转向了东欧、中东、北美、澳洲和西非等地区,进口重心由东亚、西欧和澳洲向北美、东亚和西欧转移;世界能源贸易网络存在四大集团,分别是以美国为首的贸易集团、欧洲-俄罗斯等国家贸易集团、东亚-东南亚贸易集团和澳大利亚-印度-非洲贸易集团等。地理距离、制度差异、历史文化及政治关系等是贸易集团演化的重要原因;贸易集团内,核心国家间的贸易依赖存在着非对称性,能源需求国进口来源的多元化现象更为突出,东亚、东南亚市场是供给国共同争夺的对象。