基于脂肪酸标记的长江口海区浮游动物常见种食性分析

脂肪酸不仅是浮游动物的重要组分,也被作为生物标记来指示动物的食物组成及其之间的营养关系。本文运用脂肪酸标记法对长江口附近海区6个浮游动物常见种的食性进行了分析。研究结果表明,中华哲水蚤(Calanus sinicus)雌体和桡足幼体都表现出明显的植食性。但雌体中16:1ω7的含量要明显高于18:4ω3,表明雌体对硅藻的摄食较多;桡足幼体的18:4ω3要高于雌体,说明桡足幼体对甲藻的摄食较多。磷虾(Euphausia spp.)的多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)和ω3系列脂肪酸的含量很高,说明其作为饵料可以给摄食者提供较多的脂类营养物质。中华哲水蚤和磷虾较低的22:6ω3/20:5ω3比值说明他们的营养地位较低。箭虫(Sagitta spp.)的20:1和22:1脂肪酸含量很高,指示了其对植食性桡足类的摄食。蝶水母(Ocyropsis crystallina)、瓜水母(Bero cucumis)和四叶小舌水母(Liriopetetraphylla)的20:1+22:1脂肪酸所占比例较高,指示了其对植食性桡足类的摄食,但是水母类的总脂肪酸含量都很低。几种水母和箭虫的22:6ω3的含量要明显高于20:5ω3的含量,说明它们在浮游食物网中具有较高的营养地位。     

闽江下游河口区及其邻近海域表层沉积物的地球化学特征

闽江是我国东南沿海地区最大的河流,年径流量位居全国第3位。对采自闽江下游及闽江口邻近海域的沉积物分析表明,沉积物以SiO2含量高、Al2O3等组分的含量较低为特点。样品中碎屑矿物主要是石英、斜长石、正长石、白云母和绿泥石。从SiO2看,闽江沉积物与石英砂岩的成分较接近,不同于浅海沉积物,与黄河、长江、珠江三大河流也有较大差异。地形地貌及水动力条件控制沉积物粒度的分布,粒度又控制沉积物的组分分布。总体表现为,由陆向海,呈SiO2逐渐降低、Al2O3等组分升高的趋势。人类活动对闽侯段及闽江北港到马江段河流沉积物的影响也不容忽视。闽江流域的源区特征、水动力条件和搬运距离以及物理化学条件与生物作用对沉积物的改造,使得沉积物组分间具有良好的相关性。     

Seasonal change in body length of important small copepods and relationship with environmental factors in Jiaozhou Bay,China

Differences among species in prosome length and in species’ response to environmental factors do exist. Therefore, it is useful to examine prosome length for different copepod species in variable environments. Seasonal variations in prosome length of four small copepods and their copepodite stages in the Jiaozhou Bay were compared and the relative influence of temperature, salinity, and chlorophyll concentration were examined. Two peaks were found in the mean prosome length of Paracalanus parvus (in early winter and May). For Acartia bifilosa, the maximum values of all copepodites occurred mainly from February to April, and decreased to the bottom in July. Prosome length of Acartia pacifica peaked when it first appeared in June, then reached to the minimum in July. Parvocalanus crassirostris only appeared from late summer to autumn and the mean prosome length showed no clear changes. Correlations of adult prosome length with environmental factors were evaluated. For the four species, temperature was negatively correlated to prosome length except for P. crassirostris. But the different species varied markedly in their responds to temperature. A. bifilosa showed a more definite trend of size variation with temperature than P. parvus and A. pacifica. Correlations of prosome length with salinity were significantly positive for almost all the small copepods. The relationship between chlorophyll concentration and prosome length was complicated for these copepods, but for P. parvus, chlorophyll concentration was also an important affecting factor. Furthermore, investigation needs to be done on food quality for some copepod. These results are essential to estimate the biomass and the production, and to understand these small copepods’ population dynamics in this human-affected bay.     

渤海湾盆地济阳拗陷沙三段页岩气地质条件分析

沙河街组三段的湖相富有机质泥页岩是济阳拗陷常规油气的主力烃源岩,也是该拗陷页岩气勘探的重点研究层系.分析沙三段暗色泥页岩的地球化学指标、页岩储层特征、含气性等,探讨济阳拗陷沙河街组湖相泥页岩形成页岩气的地质条件.结果表明:沙河街组湖相泥页岩沉积厚度大,平均大于200m;有机碳含量高,干酪根类型好,以Ⅰ型为主,Ⅱ1和Ⅱ2为辅;成熟度以成熟—高熟为主,与美国产气页岩和中国南方上扬子地区海相富有机质页岩地球化学特征具有可比性.湖相泥页岩脆性矿物质量分数高,石英与碳酸盐岩所占比例大,黏土矿物质量分数为10%～30%,页岩储层裂缝类型多样.由于砂泥岩互层频繁,粉砂或砂质夹层孔隙可以有效改善页岩储层储集性能,为页岩气提供有效的储集空间.泥页岩层段气测显示异常,指示其良好的含气性.沙三段富有机质泥页岩是济阳拗陷页岩气勘探的优选层系,具有良好的页岩气勘探潜力.     

关于抗震设计场地反应分析客观性的一些探讨

在工程抗震设计领域,以SHAKE为工具的场地反应分析已得到广泛应用。场地反应分析简单、易行,然而要得到准确、可靠的分析成果仍需要长期的经验积累和相当的技巧。其中需特别注意的是：场地反应分析所需要的各土层参数均具有相当大的不确定性。这些不确定因素主要来自于：初始剪切模量G0（或最大剪切模量Gmax）、剪切模量衰减曲线、阻尼曲线以及可能存在的软弱土层。对于大型基建工程,场地反应分析的成果对于整个工程的安全、经济性都有重大影响;因此,针对其不确定性应该进行严谨地论证,并在工程设计中充分考虑。建议对各主要参数进行敏感度分析,并将结果综合起来以形成一套理性、可靠的场地反应分析方法。     

准噶尔盆地沙湾凹陷二叠系下乌尔禾组烃源岩类型与热演化研究

沙湾凹陷下组合油气资源丰富,下乌尔禾组烃源岩被证实是凹陷内主要的油气来源。然而,由于烃源岩埋深较大、勘探程度低,烃源岩类型、热演化以及生烃史尚不清楚,制约了下组合油气成藏规律的认识。本研究基于烃源岩地球化学参数,认识下乌尔禾组烃源岩基本特征,利用盆地模拟恢复烃源岩热演化以及生烃演化史,在此基础上对油气成藏过程进行分析。结果表明：沙湾凹陷下乌尔禾组烃源岩有机质类型以Ⅱ型为主,平均有机碳含量(TOC)为0.82%,生烃潜量(S₁+S₂)为5.32 mg/g,为中等烃源岩,平均成熟度(Ro)为1.27%,处于成熟—高成熟阶段。热演化模拟显示下乌尔禾组烃源岩于晚三叠世晚期进入生烃门限(Ro=0.5%),晚侏罗世—晚白垩世达到生油高峰(Ro=1.0%)。白垩纪末期,有机质热演化进入了高成熟演化阶段(Ro>1.3%)。沙湾凹陷超深层储层经历多期油气充注,油气的多期混合以及断层活动的不均一性造成不同层位多种相态油气藏共存。研究认识为准噶尔盆地超深层油气成藏过程和机理研究奠定了坚实的基础。     

Distribution and abundance of euphausiid larvae and salps during austral summers in Prydz Bay, Antarctica

The distribution and abundance of euphausiid larvae and salps was studied from samples collected in 2002 and 2006 from Prydz Bay, Antarctica.Larvae of Thysanoessa macrura and Euphausia superba were mainly distributed in the north of the continental shelf. T. macrura was more abundant and had a relatively wider distribution. In 2006, with ice having retreated and higher seawater temperatures and chlorophyll a levels, E. superba and T. macrura occurred in higher abundances and at more mature developmental stages. Euphausia crystallorophias was mainly distributed in the neritic region. In 2002, with severe ice conditions in the neritic region, abundance of E. crystallorophias was consisted of metanauplius (MN) and calyptopis I (CI). Salps, mostly Salpa thompsoni, had a low abundance in Prydz Bay. In 2002, S. thompsoni was only m)-3. In 2006, S. thompsoni was found at three stations located near the contimental factors, such as the timing of ice melt, polynya formation and food concentration appear to have a marked effect on the distribution and abundance of euphausiid larvae and salps.     

基于改进U-Net的多属性地震相识别方法

地震相识别技术是进行沉积环境分析与储层预测的有力工具.传统的人工地震相识别方法不仅工作量大,而且效率非常低.目前利用深度学习方法可以大幅度提高地震相识别的效率,但是受限于有限的数据集和网络提取特征能力,对样本数量少的地震相识别效果较差.针对上述问题,本文提出了基于改进U-Net的多属性地震相识别方法.首先通过弹性形变算法来扩增数据集,将经过属性选择后的多属性数据体作为输入数据,提高输入数据的数量和质量;其次通过引入注意力机制对网络提取的特征添加权重,提高U-Net网络提取特征的能力;并在损失函数中引入Dice指数,解决了样本不均衡问题.经过数值实验表明,基于改进U-Net模型可有效提高地震相预测准确率.     

基于高分辨率DSM和遥感影像的建筑物提取

提出一种基于高分辨率数字表面模型(DSM)和遥感影像光谱特征的建筑物提取方法。具体步骤是:首先,使用多分辨率分割方法对RGB波段和DSM波段进行组合分割,形成图像基元;然后,利用建筑物高程高于地面其他区域的特点,使用阈值分割将影像对建筑物进行初始分类;由于树木的高程和建筑物像类似,这就造成了对建筑物的混淆,为了解决这个问题,利用树木的辐射不均一所形成的标准差特征较大这一特点,对建筑物和树木进行区分,最终形成建筑物的精确提取。试验结果证明了本文方法的有效性。     

宁波市地下管线探测中应用技术的探讨

以宁波市地下管线普查为依托,介绍了管线普查中使用的DigiTrak Eclipse地下定位系统。在管线成图中,使用Access和AutoCAD作为管线机助成图的支持平台,并在CAD图中加入管线扩展属性,极大地提高了设计效率。