吉林白山(浑江)金矿床岩石地球化学特征

白山金矿是近年来在吉林南部地区发现的一种重要类型金矿床--微细浸染型金矿床,矿床赋存在活泼性较高的元古庙老岭群珍珠门组大理岩中.吉南元古庙分布区Au、Zn、Sb、Cd、Sn、As、Hg等元素丰度具有显著偏高特征,白山金矿区Au、Ag、W、Bi、Sb、As等元素具有浓集系数高、变异系数大、多元素套合叠加异常等特点.异常带沿构造带分布并具有明显分带现象,元素组合为Au-Sn-Zn-Ag-Cd.     

行程时间不确定环境下地点可达性研究

在传统可达性度量方法的基础上进行改进,提出了一种行程时间不确定环境下地点时空效用可达性度量方法,考虑了行程时间不确定性以及需求端竞争的时变效应。利用深圳市真实的浮动车数据和在线用户原创内容（user-generated content,UGC）数据对深圳市餐饮可达性分布水平进行了分析,结果表明,所提的可达性度量模型比传统可达性度量模型能更准确地表达城市可达性分布。     

基于印度洋海温信号的我国西北地区东部夏季降水组合降尺度预测方法研究

利用国家气候中心第二代气候模式预测业务系统(BCC-CPSv2)预测产品,引入印度洋海温信号,采用组合降尺度方法建立了西北地区东部汛期降水预测模型。该预测模型对1991—2017年西北地区东部夏季降水的回报技巧较BCC-CPSv2预测技巧显著提高,空间相关系数由0.42提高到0.75,均方根误差明显减小,最多下降达80%。预测模型对降水空间分布型的预测能力较好,很好地回报了典型年份（1987年和2010年）夏季的降水距平百分率分布。通过抓住气象变量的空间分布特征,组合降尺度方法可以修正动力模式产品的预测误差,为西北地区东部夏季降水预测提供科学依据和技术支持,具有较好的应用前景。     

5月南极涛动对青藏高原西部夏季气温影响的诊断分析

青藏高原是全球气候变暖最敏感的地区之一,是北半球夏季最大的热源,其气候响应受到广泛关注。然而,有关南极涛动与青藏高原夏季气温的关系和机理知之甚少。为了研究南极涛动与青藏高原夏季气温的关系,基于1979—2020年英国东安哥拉大学气候研究中心（CRU）的逐月气温、美国国家海洋和大气管理局（NOAA）的逐月海表面温度和大气环流再分析数据以及南极涛动指数等数据,采用相关、回归、合成分析等方法进行研究。结果表明,北半球夏季青藏高原西部气温与5月南极涛动存在显著负相关,即当5月南极涛动异常偏弱时,夏季青藏高原西部气温异常偏高。其影响过程为,南极涛动为正位相时,在南印度洋中高纬地区出现“负-正-负”的经向“三极子”海温模态,该模态可持续到夏季,在印度洋形成异常的纬向-垂直环流,相应在热带西印度洋和东印度洋-海洋性大陆之间的降水异常导致热带正“偶极子”降水模态,通过该降水模态在青藏高原西部引起异常反气旋环流和下沉运动,有利于高原西部气温偏高。研究结果显示,海洋的热惯性在“延长”南极涛动影响过程中起着重要的桥梁作用,可为青藏高原夏季气温预测提供科学依据。     

Multiaxial Fatigue Analysis on Reeled Deepwater Steel Catenary Risers with Girth Weld Defects

In the present study, we simulated the reel-lay installation process of deepwater steel catenary risers（SCRs） using the finite element method and proposed multiaxial fatigue analysis for reeled SCRs. The reel-lay method is one of the most efficient and economical pipeline installation methods. However, material properties of reeled risers may change, especially in the weld zone, which can affect the fatigue performance. Applying finite element analysis（FEA）, we simulated an installation load history through the reel, aligner, and straightener and analyzed the property variations. The impact of weld defects during the installation process, lack of penetration and lack of fusion, was also discussed. Based on the FEA results, we used the Brown-Miller criterion combined with the critical plane approach to predict the fatigue life of reeled and non-reeled models. The results indicated that a weld defect has a significant influence on the material properties of a riser, and the reel-lay method can significantly reduce the fatigue life of SCRs. The analysis conclusion can help designers understand the mechanical performance of welds during reel-lay installation.     

A COMPARISON AND EVALUATION OF TWO CENTENNIAL-SCALE SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE DATASETS IN THE CHINA SEAS AND THEIR ADJACENT SEA AREAS

Two reconstructed sea surface temperature(SST) datasets(HadISST1 and COBE SST2) with centennial-scale are compared on the SST climate change over the China Seas and their adjacent sea areas. Two independent datasets show consistency in statistically significant trends, with a warming trend of 0.07—0.08 ℃ per decade from 1890 to2013. However, in shorter epochs(such as 1961—2013 and 1981—2013), HadISST1 exhibits stronger warming rates than those of COBE SST2. Both datasets experienced a sudden decrease in the global hiatus period(1998—2013), but the cooling rate of HadISST1 is lower than that of COBE SST2. These differences are possibly caused by the different observations sources which are incorporated to fill with data-sparse regions since 1982. Different data sources may lead to higher values in HadISST1 from 1981 to 2013 than that in COBE SST2. Meanwhile, the different data sources and bias adjustment before the World War II may also cause the large divergence between COBE SST2 and HadISST1,leading to lower SST from 1891 to 1930. These findings illustrate that the long-term linear trends are broadly similar in the centennial-scale in the China Seas using different datasets. However, there are large uncertainties in the estimate of warming or cooling tendency in the shorter epochs, because there are different data sources, different bias adjustment and interpolation method in different datasets.     

从Geomatics到Urban Informatics

我国正处在新型城镇化、工业化和信息化的关键时期,城市面临着复杂的经济、社会与生态可持续发展问题。面向城市的地球空间信息学（Geomatics）与互联网、云计算技术持续融合,产生了城市时空大数据,成为了智慧城市的重要战略资源。随着地球空间信息学和信息学、城市科学不断深入交叉融合,城市信息学（Urban Informatics）逐步形成,并正在成为测绘地理信息科学的重要发展方向。城市信息学是以统一的时空基准为框架,以空间信息为载体,以信息技术为支撑,动态采集城市信息并进行处理、分析与服务,支持绿色、低碳、可持续城市发展的交叉学科。本文分析了城市信息的内涵及其与地球空间信息学的相互关系,论述了城市信息学具有动态演变、数据驱动、众源学习、协同决策、学科交叉等典型特征,在此基础上,总结了若干影响学科发展的关键科学问题,最后展望了城市信息学的发展前景。     

基于约束高斯混合模型的车道信息获取

针对现有车道级道路信息获取方法大多存在数据采集成本高、更新周期长、数据处理难度大等缺点,提出了一种基于浮动车数据（floating car data,FCD）的城市车道数量信息快速获取方法。首先根据浮动车数据的空间分布特征,利用Delaunay三角网方法对数据进行优选,通过探测优选后浮动车数据覆盖的宽度间接得到道路宽度;然后将一部分已知车道数量及浮动车数据覆盖宽度的路段作为训练样本,分析其车道数量和浮动车数据覆盖宽度之间的关系构建基本分类器;最后按照待测路段的浮动车数据分布宽度查找基本分类器,获取待测路段可能存在的若干个车道数量类型候选值,并利用约束高斯混合模型对最终车道数量类型进行确认。实验结果表明,该方法实现了从低精度浮动车数据中快速获取车道数量信息,提取精度达到了82.3%。     

IMPROVEMENT OF OCEAN DATA ASSIMILATION SYSTEM AND CLIMATE PREDICTION BY ASSIMILATING ARGO DATA

The Argo(Array for Real-time Geostrophic Oceanography) data from 1998 to 2003 were used in the Beijing Climate Center-Global Ocean Data Assimilation System(BCC-GODAS). The results show that the utilization of Argo global ocean data in BCC-GODAS brings about remarkable improvements in assimilation effects. The assimilated sea surface temperature(SST) of BCC-GODAS can well represent the climatological states of observational data. Comparison experiments based on a global coupled atmosphere-ocean general circulation model(AOCGM) were conducted for exploring the roles of ocean data assimilation system with or without Argo data in improving the climate predictability of rainfall in boreal summer. Firstly, the global ocean data assimilation system BCC-GODAS was used to obtain ocean assimilation data under the conditions with or without Argo data. Then, the global coupled atmosphere-ocean general circulation model(AOCGM) was utilized to do hindcast experiments with the two sets of the assimilation data as initial oceanic fields. The simulated results demonstrate that the seasonal predictability of rainfall in boreal summer, particularly in China, increases greatly when initial oceanic conditions with Argo data are utilized. The distribution of summer rainfall in China hindcast by the AOGCM under the condition when Argo data are used is more in accordance with observation than that when no Agro data are used. The area of positive correlation between hindcast and observation enlarges and the hindcast skill of rainfall over China in summer improves significantly when Argo data are used.