准地转Q矢量的计算及其在强天气预报中的应用

一、前言在强天气的诊断分析和预报中,常常要了解上升运动、锋生函数及非地转运动等物理量的分布与强度,由于计算这些物理量所需求的资料量较大,给日常的应用带来不便。Hoskins等提出的“Q矢量分析方法”就是用Q矢量来描述这些物理量的分布和强度,其形式简单,物理意义清楚,能弥补传统准地转ω方程的缺点,而且计算简便,资料需求量少。Barnes     

一种基于约束的最短路径低频浮动车数据地图匹配算法

针对精度差、频率低的浮动车数据特点,给出了空间和拓扑约束下的最短路径浮动车数据地图匹配算法,基于不同采样频率的匹配结果证明算法准确度高。基于武汉市浮动车数据的匹配结果表明,算法具有高可靠性,可以用于浮动车数据的交通信息提取与特征挖掘。     

论地球空间信息科学的形成

从分析地球空间信息科学与全球变化监测和社会可持续发展的关系出发,回顾了地球空间信息科学产生的背景,提出地球空间信息科学的定义及内涵,概括了学科当前的发展状况,提出了现阶段学科研究的主要内容,最后,展望了地球空间信息科学的发展。     

Multi-Year Simulations and Experimental Seasonal Predictions for Rainy Seasons in China by Using a Nested Regional Climate Model （RegCM_NCC） Part Ⅱ： The Experimental Seasonal Prediction

A nested regional climate model has been experimentally used in the seasonal prediction at the China National Climate Center (NCC) since 2001. The NCC/IAP (Institute of Atmospheric Physics) T63 coupled GCM (CGCM) provides the boundary and initial conditions for driving the regional climate model (RegCM NCC). The latter has a 60-km horizontal resolution and improved physical parameterization schemes including the mass flux cumulus parameterization scheme, the turbulent kinetic energy closure scheme (TKE) and an improved land process model (LPM). The large-scale terrain features such as the Tibetan Plateau are included in the larger domain to produce the topographic forcing on the rain-producing systems. A sensitivity study of the East Asian climate with regard to the above physical processes has been presented in the first part of the present paper. This is the second part, as a continuation of Part I. In order to verify the performance of the nested regional climate model, a ten-year simulation driven by NCEP reanalysis datasets has been made to explore the performance of the East Asian climate simulation and to identify the model’s systematic errors. At the same time, comparative simulation experiments for 5 years between the RegCM2 and RegCM NCC have been done to further understand their differences in simulation performance. Also, a ten-year hindcast (1991–2000) for summer (June–August), the rainy season in China, has been undertaken. The preliminary results have shown that the RegCM NCC is capable of predicting the major seasonal rain belts. The best predicted regions with high anomaly correlation coefficient (ACC) are located in the eastern part of West China, in Northeast China and in North China, where the CGCM has maximum prediction skill as well. This fact may reflect the importance of the largescale forcing. One significant improvement of the prediction derived from RegCM NCC is the increase of ACC in the Yangtze River valley where the CGCM has a very low, even a negative, ACC. The reason behind this improvement is likely to be related to the more realistic representation of the large-scale terrain features of the Tibetan Plateau. Presumably, many rain-producing systems may be generated over or near the Tibetan Plateau and may then move eastward along the Yangtze River basin steered by upper-level westerly airflow, thus leading to enhancement of rainfalls in the mid and lower basins of the Yangtze River. The real-time experimental predictions for summer in 2001, 2002, 2003 and 2004 by using this nested RegCM NCC were made. The results are basically reasonable compared with the observations.     

2013/2014年东亚冬季风异常偏弱的可能成因

2005年之后东亚冬季风连续7年强度偏强,而2013/2014年冬季,东亚冬季风强度突然由强转弱,原因可能与前期秋季北极海冰的异常有关,受2013年秋季北极海冰异常影响,冬季西伯利亚高压偏弱,进而导致东亚冬季风偏弱以及我国气温偏高。季内,东亚冬季风强度变化显著,前冬偏弱,后冬偏强。受冬季风季节内变化影响,我国前冬暖、后冬冷;此外,前冬暖、后冬冷还受到北太平洋上空阻塞高压的异常活动影响,北太平洋地区的阻塞高压加强西移至日界线以西,导致东亚地区经向型环流加强,改变了前冬以纬向型为主的环流,前冬高纬地区堆积的冷空气向东亚地区侵袭。加之,前冬我国气温偏高,导致后冬我国多地降温显著,气温由偏高转偏低。而阻塞高压的西移可能与平流层环流的异常活动有关。     

3维城市模型的可视化研究

本文在对已有的３维（３Ｄ）城市模型进行分析的基础上,着重探讨了建筑物模型的构造方法,提出了一种分层组合模型方法构造建筑 及在此模型基础上的动态显示、空间分析和交互操作等功能,并开发了一个应用系统（３ＤＴＯＯＬ）对３Ｄ城市模型中的地形和建筑物进行整体维动态显示和操作。最后利用约４ｋｍ＾２试验区对本文提出的模型和开发系统进行了全面的实验研究。     

陀螺经纬仪时间观测数据函数模型的研究

本文运用最小二乘谱分析的原理,对陀螺经纬仪时间观测数据进行分析,提出了一种较以前采用的函数模型更为简便、实用的函数模型,并利用实测数据分析了测时定向方法的精度。     

3S技术与智能交通

地球空间信息技术是当前世界范围内发展最快的三大重要高新技术之一,随着其不断地发展和完善,其基础理论和技术方法已经日趋成熟,并正在从规划、国土、测绘、军事等专业应用向社会生活的众多行业和领域渗透和拓展,3S技术在交通领域的应用已成为当前国内外研究和应用的热点。着重介绍了地球空间信息技术在道路交通领域的应用背景,阐述了3S技术与道路交通结合的理论支撑和技术方法,进而介绍了其在交通管理、物流管理、智能导航、交通信息服务和交通安全等方面的典型应用,并展望了3S技术在现代交通领域的发展前景。     

出租车经验知识建模与路径规划算法

以出租车采集的浮动车数据,研究出租车司机道路选择的经验和规律,建立出租车司机道路寻径的经验知识模型,将城市交通道路网按该知识模型分成不同等级的经验路网;在此基础上提出基于经验知识的交通道路寻径算法,并以武汉市交通路网和浮动车为实验数据,将本文提出的道路寻径算法与传统的最短路径规划算法进行比较,实验结果表明在起止点相同的情况下,本文选择的路径较好地保持了道路等级的一致性和连贯性,明显减少通行时间,更符合自主出行的认知.     

城市道路网络的中介中心性分析

将几个典型城市道路网络作为有向图来分析,这些城市道路网络弧段的BC(betweenness centrality)值的分布呈现一致的规律分布,具有层级性。从总体上来看城市道路网络中大部分等级高的道路具有较高的BC值,大部分等级低的道路具有较低的BC值。