Screening and isolation of the algicidal compounds from marine green alga <Emphasis Type="Italic">Ulva intestinalis</Emphasis>

Twenty species of seaweed were collected from the coast of Zhejiang, China, extracted with ethanol, and screened for algicidal activity against red tide microalgae Heterosigma akashiwo and Prorocentrum micans. Inhibitory effects of fresh and dried tißsues of green alga Ulva intestinalis were assessed and the main algicidal compounds were isolated, purified, and identified. Five seaweed species, U. intestinalis, U. fasciata, Grateloupia romosissima, Chondria crassicaulis, and Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis, were investigated for their algicidal activities. Fresh tissues of 8.0 and 16.0 mg/mL of U. intestinalis dissolved in media significantly inhibited growth of H. akashiwo and P. micans, respectively. Dried tissue and ethyl acetate (EtOAc) extracts of U. intestinalis at greater than 1.2 and 0.04 mg/mL, respectively, were fatal to H. akashiwo, while its water and EtOAc extracts in excess of 0.96 and 0.32 mg/mL, respectively, were lethal to P. micans. Three algicidal compounds in the EtOAc extracts were identified as 15-ethoxy-(6z,9z,12z)-hexadecatrienoic acid (I), (6E,9E,12E)-(2-acetoxy-β-D-glucose)-octadecatrienoic acid ester (II) and hexadecanoic acid (III). Of these, compound II displayed the most potent algicidal activity with IC₅₀ values of 4.9 and 14.1 µg/mL for H. akashiwo and P. micans, respectively. Compound I showed moderate algicidal activity with IC₅₀ values of 13.4 and 24.7 µg/mL for H. akashiwo and P. micans, respectively. These findings suggested that certain macroalgae or products therefrom could be used as effective biological control agents against red tide algae.     

花岗岩地貌景观的成因及类型划分刍议——以陕西华山地区为例

中国是世界上拥有花岗岩景区最多的国家之一,花岗岩景区已成为中国最重要的旅游目的地,是重要的旅游资源。为深化人们对花岗岩地貌景观成因的认识,加强景区建设以及提高花岗岩地貌的科学研究水平,需要从目前花岗岩景观的地貌形态分类提升到按花岗岩的成因分类。本文在华山花岗岩地质调查的基础上,以花岗岩动力学、运动学理论为指导,提出脆性形变前的塑性-韧性形变阶段是花岗岩景观形成的主要阶段,花岗岩景观的多样性是岩浆体在这个阶段中运动方式的多样性造成的。花岗岩在塑性-韧性流变过程中与侵位的围岩互动,与围岩在韧-脆性变形的耦合过程中形成的景观表现为:①长岭状、龙脊状的景观与A、B型成分-结构层的线状背形结构有关;②峰岭、尖峰等景观主要和A、B型成分-结构面波中的原生(轴面)劈理(或节理)、"肠套"式褶皱及横节理有关;③旋卷-扭动过程中形成的弧形-扭动构造是花岗岩景区中千奇百怪景观形成的主要原因,类似华山主峰、天柱山都是旋卷-扭动构造中的砥柱状突起;④绝大多数石蛋、石球和球状风化是鞘褶皱式结构样式的特殊表现;⑤成分-结构层的穹状隆升是浑圆状、圆丘状景观形成的主因。     

湖北省高精度行政区域界线测绘的技术方法

行政区域界线是国家实施有效管理的重要依据。随着信息化时代的快速发展,对多尺度、高精度的行政区域界线数据的应用需求越来越广。详细介绍了基于高分辨遥感影像的湖北省1∶10 000比例尺行政区域界线测绘的内容和工作流程,并对行政区域界线测绘的关键技术进行了探索与研究;分析总结了行政区域界线测绘中存在的典型问题,并提供了相应的解决方案,为今后大比例尺行政区域界线测绘工作提供了经验。     

Interaction between adjacent lightning discharges in clouds

Using a 3D lightning radiation source locating system (LLS), three pairs of associated lightning discharges (two or more adjacent lightning discharges following an arbitrary rule that their space-gap was less than 10 km and their time-gap was less than 800 ms) were observed, and the interaction between associated lightning discharges was analyzed. All these three pairs of associated lightning discharges were found to involve three or more charge regions (the ground was considered as a special charge region). Moreover, at least one charge region involved two lightning discharges per pair of associated lightning discharges. Identified from electric field changes, the subsequent lightning discharges were suppressed by the prior lightning discharges. However, it is possible that the prior lightning discharge provided a remaining discharge channel to facilitate the subsequent lightning discharge. The third case provided evidence of this possibility. Together, the results suggested that, if the charges in the main negative charge region can be consumed using artificial lightning above the main negative charge regions, lightning accidents on the ground could be greatly reduced, on the condition that the height of the main negative charge region and the charge intensity of the lower positive charge region are suitable.     

发掘高质优秀稿源提高期刊核心影响力——本刊第三届编委会2013年度会议在京召开

2013年9月26日,河南省气象局在北京召开《气象与环境科学》第三届编委会2013年度会议。来自中国气象局、中国工程院、中国农业科学院、中国农业大学、北京师范大学、南京信息工程大学、中山大学、河南农业大学、河南省农业科学院以及部分省气象局的编委和顾问近40人参加了会议。会议还邀请到中国科学技术信息研究所的张玉华研究员和中国气象局大气科学类期刊的部分编辑部主任。     

某褐煤电厂烟气余热利用可行性论证

本文从技术、经济和安全等方面论证燃用褐煤的某电厂设置烟气余热利用装置的可行性。     

OBSERVATION RESEARCH FOR THE MEASURING RAINFALL CAPACITY OF TRMM/TMI-85.5G BASED ON PRECIPITATION DATA DURING THE HEAVY RAIN EXPERIMENT IN SOUTHERN CHINA

The capacity of Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Satellite for measuring rainfall was examined by using TMI-85.5 GHz microwave image data and precipitation data during a heavy rainfall experiment in southern China. From comparisons with the distribution of rain amount in an hour with BB T of 85.5 GHz microwave, it is clear that the center of heavy rain corresponds with an area of low BB T value. The location and shape of BB T distribution is similar to that of precipitation, and the larger the rainfall rates, the lower the BB T . A statistic analysis shows that the correlation coefficients between BB T and rain rates is negative and significant. Especially, when the rain rate is over 7 mm/h, the correlation degree between BB T and rain rates is more significant. The results shows that TRMM/TMI-85.5 G has great ability to measure convective heavy rain.     

祁连山老虎沟12号冰川雷达测厚和冰下地形特征研究

冰川地形是构建冰川流动模型的基础,对于认识冰川响应气候变化的动力机制具有重要意义.在2009年和2014年消融季,使用探地雷达对祁连山老虎沟12号冰川进行了厚度测量和冰下地形观测,获得了沿冰川中流线和多条横剖面的厚度资料,并对中流线上的厚度分布特征和槽谷形态进行了研究.研究结果表明,东、西支冰川的平均厚度分别为190m和150m,东支冰川冰下地形起伏大于西支,支冰川的表面坡度都较缓和.东、西支冰川进入汇合区时厚度分别为122m和157m,由于支冰川的横向挤压和汇流,汇合区中部冰川厚度增加到162m.冰川槽谷形态具有空间差异,东、西支冰川槽谷形态近似于对称的V型,但是在冰川汇合区,槽谷底部变宽,边坡变缓,发育有不对称槽谷.     

基于Android平台的灾情速报系统在于田7.3级地震中的应用

本文介绍了2014年2月12日新疆于田7.3级地震的背景及当前灾情获取的主要途径,分析了Android平台的灾情速报系统的架构与设计,以及客户端各个模块的功能和服务器端的业务处理流程,并对灾情报送、存储上传及获取的实现方法进行了阐述,同时将该系统成功地应用在于田7.3级地震的灾情快速报送和获取中.实践表明,本文设计的基于Android平台的灾情速报系统具有良好的实用价值.