青藏高原全新世环境变化的兹格塘错元素地球化学沉积记录

兹格塘错是位于藏北高原腹地的一个封闭型湖泊,流域内没有现代冰川和永久积雪存在,其湖泊的水量平衡主要是大气降水和蒸发之间的平衡,因此其湖泊的变化过程可直接反映区域的气候变化。为了探讨该区域全新世的气候与环境变化过程,在其湖泊中心水深30m处钻取了一支深727cm的沉积岩芯,对沉积岩芯进行了元素地球化学分析,利用主成分分析得出影响沉积物化学组成的三个主要因子,主要受控于流域侵蚀因子和径流因子,区域背景作用因子所占比重很小。结合Mg/Ca的变化,其结果反映了全新世期间湖泊水体退缩与扩张,水质的浓缩与淡化的过程,揭示了兹格塘错流域气候的干湿变化,呈现暖干／冷湿气候组合模式;元素地球化学所反映出的湖面波动与环境变化得到了其他资料较好的支持,同时又显示了区域的差异性。     

Quantitative recuperation of climatic sequences for the last 200 years in Xingcuo Lake,eastern Tibetan Plateau

The functional relation between theδ18O values in the shell of gastropod Gyraulus sibirica and the air temperature in the warm half-yearly period, and that between Sr/Ca ratio and the precipitation in the warm half-yearly period were established by calibrating the δ18O and δ13C values, Sr/Ca ratio and Mg/Ca ratio in the shell Gyraulus sibirica, as well as the total organic carbon (TOC) and its δ13C values in the Xingcuo Lake sediment in the eastern Tibetan Plateau. The sequences of air temperature and precipitation in the last 200 years in the region were quantitatively recuperated on this basis. The results showed the following: (i) There was a negative correlativity between Sr/Ca ratio and the precipitation in the warm half-yearly period, its correlation coefficient was 0.86. (ii) There was an obviously positive correlativity between indexδ18O and the running average temperature in the warm half-yearly period, its correlation coefficient was 0.89. (iii) Evolution of the air temperature and the precipitation in the last 200 years can be divided into three phases distinctly. The precipitation in the later mid-19th century was 220 mm higher than that today; the air temperature in the warm half-yearly period was 2℃ lower than that of the present. The precipitation in the minimum air temperature period of the early 20th century was below that today by 60 mm, and the air temperature in the warm half-yearly period was 3.4℃ lower than that today. (iv) An evidently warming and drying trend existed in the last five decades.     

A METHOD TO ESTIMATE PALEOTEMPERATURE FROM ENVIRONMENTAL PROXIES IN LAKE SEDIMENTSDISSOLVED AND PARTICULATE ORGANIC CARBON IN YANTAI SISHILI BAY AQUICULTURE WATERS——A STUDY ON ZOIGE BASIN IN EASTERN TIBETAN PLATEAU,CHINA

ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＴｈｅｐｒｏｘｙｏｆｓｔａｂｌｅｏｘｙｇｅｎｉｓｏｔｏｐｅｉｎｌａｋｅｃａｒｂｏｎａｔｅｉｓｉｄｅａｌｆｏｒｔｈｅｒｅｃｏｎｓｔｒｕｃｔｉｏｎｏｆｐａｓｔｃｌｉ ｍａｔｅ (Ｇａｓｓｅｅｔａｌ.,1 991 ;Ｗｕ ,1 996;Ｚｈａｎｇｅｔａｌ.,1 994 ) .Ａｓｉｄｅｆｒｏｍｂｅｉｎｇｉｍｐａｃｔｅｄｂｙｌａｋｅ ｗａｔｅｒｔｅｍｐｅｒａｔｕｒｅ ,ｔｈｅｖａｌｕｅｏｆδ18Ｏｉｎｌａｋｅｃａｒｂｏｎａｔｅｉｓａｌｓｏｃｏｎｔｒｏｌｌｅｄｂｙｔｈａｔｏｆａｍｂｉｅｎｔｌａｋｅｗａ ｔｅｒ.Ｈｉｇｈ…     

环境感知对农户亲环境行为意愿的影响——以大宝山尾矿区生态修复为例

在国家大力推进生态环境治理和生态修复的背景下,矿山周边的农户作为环境破坏的受害者和生态修复的主要参与者,其参与意愿的高低关系到政府环境治理政策能否发挥良好作用。以大宝山尾矿区为例,构建包括价值感知、政策感知和禀赋感知对亲环境行为意愿的影响模型,探讨环境感知对农户亲环境行为意愿的影响机制。研究发现：1）价值感知包括经济和生态2个维度,且均会对农户的亲环境行为意愿产生直接正向影响;禀赋感知包括精力和能力2个维度,且均会对其亲环境行为意愿产生影响;政策感知包括感知政府、感知矿企和邻居朋友态度3个维度,对其亲环境行为意愿不产生直接影响,但可通过价值感知和禀赋感知对其亲环境行为意愿产生间接影响。2）收入的提高、感知矿企的态度以及精力和能力的感知是农户亲环境行为意愿的重要影响因素。政府需将传统手段与新型网络平台结合,加强环境治理多渠道宣传、就业能力培养和邻里示范等,以提升农户亲环境行为意愿。     

南极格罗夫山陨石GRV053645的岩石矿物学特征

南极格罗夫山陨石GRV053645是一块非常原始的普通球粒陨石,它很好地保存有太阳星云凝聚和增生的相关信息,对研究太阳星云的起源意义重大。本文描述了这块陨石的岩石矿物学特征,包括球粒结构类型、基质不透明、橄榄石和低钙辉石具有明显的成分环带等。根据Fe-Ni合金含量、球粒平均直径大小和橄榄石平均Fa值,表明这块陨石属于低铁群(L)。利用橄榄石Fa的PMD值与岩石类型亚类的相关性,其岩石类型应为3.4亚类。该陨石冲击变质程度和风化等级都比较低,分别为S2和W1。     

月球角砾岩Bechar 003、NWA 13788和NWA 11110中岩屑溯源研究

月球角砾岩是月球陨石的代表性样品，含有多来源的岩屑，是揭示月球内-外动力演化历史的重要窗口。本文对Bechar 003、NWA 13788和NWA 11110月球陨石中的岩屑开展了岩相学、矿物学及地球化学分析，通过岩相、矿物成分、全岩主微量元素等岩石地化综合分析，旨在厘清这3块样品中岩屑的类型、来源与成因机制。结果表明，3块陨石内部的斜长辉长质冲击熔融岩屑、微斑熔融角砾岩屑、以及辉长质斜长岩屑的初始物质由均是月海玄武岩与月球高地岩石的混合物，不同初始物质成分的岩屑表明月表经历了冲击事件，并且冲击事件发生在月表的不同位置，冲击事件造成月球高地岩石与月海玄武岩或非月海溅射物的混合。