ANALYSIS ON CHARACTERISTICS OF ATMOSPHERIC DUCT AND ITS EFFECTS ON THE PROPAGATION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE

On the basis of introducing the basic categories of atmospheric refraction and their existingconditions,the forming processes of three kinds of atmospheric ducts are expounded.Several maincharacteristics of atmospheric duct are summarized and analyzed,and field sounding data from theWEstern North-Pacific cloud-radiation EXperiment(WENPEX)and meteorological data aroundthe Xisha sea area are used to validate these characteristics.Meanwhile the sensitivities of theevaporation duct height to the variations of atmospheric humidity.the air-sea temperaturedifference.and horizontal wind speed are examined.With the analysis of the effect of atmosphericduct on the propagation of electromagnetic wave.the maximum trapped-wavelength and the criticalemitting angle of elevation for electromagnetic wave which can form duct propagation are derived.At the same time the four kinds of necessary conditions for electromagnetic wave to form ductpropagation are brought forward.The effects of atmospheric duct on ultrashort wave propagation,radar observation.short wave communication etc.are also discussed.     

HUBEX试验期间地基微波辐射计反演资料的应用研究

在1998年和1999年淮河流域能量和水循环试验(HUBEX)加密观测期间(IOPs),获得了双通道微波辐射计观测资料反演得到的大气水汽含量和云中液态水含量的时间连续资料序列.本文结合天气分析和其他加密观测资料,进行了HUBEX试验期间天气变化同大气水分变化关系的分析.结果表明,天气条件的变化是大气水分变化的主要原因.     

GPS遥感大气可降水量在降水天气过程分析中的应用

应用GPS探测的大气可降水量(PWV)对2010年大连地区降水过程中水汽变化特征进行了分析。结果表明：GPS/PWV资料能反映大气中水汽的时间和空间变化,其变化特征与降水有较好的对应关系;不同性质的降水过程PWV变化特征明显不同,稳定性降水过程中PWV变化较为平缓,呈明显的单峰结构,对流性降水过程水汽变化程度剧烈,呈震荡趋势,而混合型降水具有两种性质降水的共同特征;降水过程中GPS/PWV阈值表明,GPS/PWV资料在降水天气预报方面有一定的应用价值。     

RETRIEVAL OF CLEAR SKY MOISTURE PROFILES IN THE PACIFIC USING MEASUREMENTS OF MICROWAVE HUMIDITY SOUNDER FROM FY-3A SATELLITE

An improved Smith iterative method, which generally applies to microwave bands, is described. The moisture profiles retrieved from the brightness temperature data of microwave humidity sounder onboard FY-3A satellite, pertaining to clear sky, are shown over western North Pacific by using a vector-discrete ordination radiative transfer model. The retrieved profiles are compared with those from MODIS products, and the results of single point show that they are in good agreement with the results for lower layers. The distribution of retrieved humidity at 500 hPa is basically consistent with the actual situation, and the values are lower than that of the MODIS products. Compared with MODIS products, RMS is within 5.76g/kg at every single level separately.     

STUDY ON SEA ICE WITH GMS REAL-TIME DATA

By use of GMS-4 infrared brightness temperature and visible albedo data from January toFebruary in 1995,the method for extracting of sea ice parameters is developed.The digital remotesensing picture is obtained on Liaodong Bay.Based on the difference in physical properties betweenice and water,a criterion distinguishing ice from water is set up.Ice thickness has been calculatedaccording to the relationship between ice thickness and brightness as well as albedo.Iceconcentration is retrieved due to the difference on albedo between ice and water.The resultsindicate that the accuracy of ice-water distinguishing is 84.8%,the errors of ice thickness and iceconcentration are 3.8 cm and 22%,respectively.     

应用FY-3A/MWHS资料反演太平洋海域晴空大气湿度廓线

发展Smith迭代算法,建立适用于微波波段的物理迭代算法。采用搭载于FY-3A卫星之上的微波湿度计亮温数据及矢量辐射传输模式,对我国西北太平洋海域晴空区域的大气水汽廓线进行反演计算。反演得到的水汽廓线与MODIS水汽廓线产品比较,单点结果表明,反演混合比廓线与MODIS水汽廓线趋势一致,下层水汽反演能力较中上层强;500 hPa水汽场反演结果表明,可基本反映水汽干湿中心分布情况,反演水汽混合比值与MODIS产品相比偏低。经统计所有气压层反演结果与MOD07水汽廓线产品相比偏差均控制在5.76 g/kg以内。      

寿县地区云中液态水含量的微波遥感

该文利用地基双频（22.235GHz（1.35cm）和35.3GHz（8mm））微波辐射计和热带降雨测量卫星微波成像仪（TRMM/TMI）两种被动微波遥感资料分别反演安徽寿县地区云中液态水含量，运用统计回归方法得到该地区云水含量的反演公式，揭示了该地区云中液态水含量存在一个阈值0.4mm，当云中液态水含量超过这一阈值时，该地区一般就会出现降水。在降水发生之前，水汽和云中液态水含量均会出现一个显著增加的过程，而在降水结束之后则会出现一个显著减少的过程。     

用TRMM卫星微波成像仪遥感云中液态水

应用热带降雨测量卫星微波成像仪(TRMM/TMI)的被动遥感资料,选用对云中液态水变化非常敏感的85.5 GHz垂直极化通道的亮温信息,通过离散纵坐标矢量辐射传输模式,采取逐步逼近的方法确定出地表的微波比辐射率,并运用迭代方法有效地反演出云中液态水含量及其分布.与对应的卫星红外云图对比结果表明,反演的云中液态水分布是合理和可信的.     

GMS实时资料遥感海冰的研究

利用１９９５年１，２月ＧＭＳ－４的红外亮温和可见光反照率资料，以辽东湾海冰为对象，根据冰水物理特性的差异，建立了冰水识别的判据和冰厚与亮温、反照率的对应关系，反演出冰厚和冰密集度数字分布。结果表明，冰水识别的准确率为８４．８％，冰厚反演误差为３．８ｃｍ，密集度反演误差为２２％。     

利用热带降雨测量卫星的微波成像仪观测资料反演陆地降水

利用热带降雨测量卫星的微波成像仪资料，结合淮河流域试验加密观测期的阜阳地面天 气雷达雨量资料，建立了以散射指数和极化订正温度为主要参数的降水反演算法。对文 中所做反演试验与日本ＮＡＳＤＡ用微波成像仪和星载测雨雷达反演的雨强进行了比较。结果表明 ，文中所用的方法在反演陆地下垫面的降雨强度的分布和降雨区域的确定是比较成功的。