鄱阳湖流域史前人类遗址时空分布及其环境响应（英文）

The temporal-spatial geographic distribution of archaeological sites and its feature between 10.0–2.8 ka BP(ka BP= thousands of years before 0 BP, where "0 BP" is defined as the year AD 1950) were determined, based on GIS spatial analysis in the Poyang Lake Basin. The relationship between geographic distribution of sites of different periods under subsistence existence of ancient civilizations, climate and environmental change was investigated. The results revealed numerous archaeological sites of the Neolithic Age(10.0–3.6 ka BP). The sites were mainly located in the northern part of the Poyang Lake Basin, a hilly and mountainous area with many river terraces suitable for the development of human civilization. The number of archaeological sites rapidly increased during the Shang and Zhou dynasties(3.6–2.8 ka BP) and spread widely on the floodplains of the middle and lower reaches of Ganjiang River and onto the west, south, and southeast beach areas of the Poyang Lake. Holocene records of climate change suggested that it was possible that climate fluctuations had a great impact on human evolution in the study area. Before 3.6 ka BP, westward and northward expansion of Neolithic cultures in the Poyang Lake watershed occurred under the background of climate amelioration(becoming warmer and wetter). The ancient people lived in the hilly areas with high elevation. The simple mode of a fishing and gathering economy was mostly suited to this area in the early Neolithic Age. The scope of human activities was expanded and cultural diversity developed in the late Neolithic Age. However, with population growth and increasing survival pressure in a dry-cold climatic stage after 3.6 ka BP, this simple living mode had to be abandoned, and various forms of economy, the majority being agriculture, were developed on flood plains of the lower reaches of numerous rivers around Poyang Lake. This promoted flourishing of the Bronze culture of South China.     

追忆我国著名地理学家杨怀仁教授

我国著名地理学家、我国地貌与第四纪专业的一代宗师、南京大学地理与海洋科学学院教授、我们敬爱的老师杨怀仁先生因病于2009年10月20日10时20分在南京逝世,享年93岁.据家人告知,先生在平静中离去,走得十分安详.对于我们这些深陷悲痛之中的弟子来说,这不谛是一丝安慰.     

天目山千亩田泥炭腐殖化度记录的中全新世气候变化

以14C测年为基础,构建了天目山千亩田地区泥炭沼泽剖面年龄-深度模式曲线,通过该区的腐殖化度与烧失量分析研究,发现两者呈现出很好的相关性,共同记录了该地区4 200 aBP以来的气候变化,可划分出3个主要阶段:早期(4 135±40~3 200 aBP)泥炭腐殖化度偏低,指示气候湿热;中期(3 200~630 aBP)泥炭腐殖化度偏高,指示气候温凉偏干;晚期(630 aBP以来),泥炭腐殖化度偏低,气候温凉湿润。     

太湖流域地貌与环境变迁对新石器文化传承的影响

太湖流域新石器新石器文化是连续发展的一个完整体系。高亢地带利于古文化的连续发展,而地貌和环境演化使得古文化遗址的迁移性不同,遗址往往从地势低洼处就近向高爽处迁移。水位降低、水域面积缩小时,遗址从高向低处迁移。当气候温干,地势高爽时,古人类活动频繁,文化发展。而气候温湿,水域面积扩大时,文化遗址迁移频繁,文化层堆积较薄。     

长江三峡及江汉平原地区全新世环境考古与异常洪涝灾害研究

根据对长江三峡及江汉平原地区新石器文化遗址的分布、文化间断、埋藏古树和历史资料探讨了本区全新世异常洪水频率的变化，共划分出４个洪水频率发期：第Ⅰ洪水期（８０００ａＢＰ－５５００ａＢＰ）共发生特大洪水９次；第Ⅱ洪水期（４７００ａＢＰ－３５００ａＢＰ），至少发生特大洪水９次；第Ⅲ洪水期（２２００ａＢＰ－７００ａＰＢ），共发生特大洪水５２次，其中在小冰期最冷期（３００ａＢＰ－１００ａＢＰ）就有４０次。前     

对江苏胥溪河成因及其开发利用的新探讨

胥溪河东坝北岸7508钻孔柱状剖面中-3.7~-5.8 m深处2 m厚的砂夹泥砾土层和东坝至下坝间的8179号孔下部存在4.5 m厚的中、粗、细粒砂层表明,在春秋吴国开凿胥溪运河之前,该处就存在规模较大的天然河流;胥溪河沿岸薛城遗址、朝墩头遗址和下家宕新石器时代遗址的存在,以及胥溪河两岸1 km范围内地表数米之下厚达数十米的淤泥层更是古中江在胥溪河一带存在的重要证据。目前胥溪河东坝所建的船闸不利于水阳江和太湖水系的沟通,也不利于发挥胥溪河流域灌溉和航运的应有作用。若能及早开发芜 (湖) -太 (湖) 运河,即进一步拓宽芜湖→固城湖→胥溪河→东坝→溧阳→宜兴→太湖的水运航道,清除水阳江和太湖水系之间由坡积物构成的分水岭岗地堆积物,不仅可缩短长江入太湖的水上航线,还可分流长江航运船只、保证安全通航率、开发古河道砂砾石资源、稳固长江堤防,解决长江下游灌溉、分洪、排涝和冲污等一系列现实问题,推动胥溪河流域经济可持续发展。     

重庆中坝遗址地层Na-Ca元素含量揭示的制盐业兴衰史

Based on dynastic period division and AMS ^14 C dating performed on the sedimentary layers at Zhongba and Yuxi sites,and also the analysis of Na,Ca and Mg of 201 sedimentary samples from Zhongba site and that of Ca and Na in 47 sedimentary samples from Yuxi by using an inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry（ICP）,we found that there were 35 time periods when the contents of Ca and Na were reversely correlated,i.e.whenever the content of Ca was the highest,the content of Na was the lowest,and vice versa. Among them,there were 21 time periods when the content of Ca was the highest,and Na was the lowest,indicating that there were about 21 prosperous periods of ancient salt production at Zhongba site since 3000BC.Other 14 time periods with the peak values of Na while the low values of Ca indicate 14 declined periods of salt production at Zhongba site since 3000BC.The conclusion obtained from the reverse relationship between Ca and Na contents in this paper is consistent with that＂the salt production at Zhongba site started in the new stone age,developed in the Xia and Shang dynasties,reached at the heyday in periods from the Western Zhou to the Han Dynasties,maintained stable to develop in the Tang and the Song dynasties,and gradually declined after the Song Dynasty because the sea salt were conveyed into Sichuan region,however,still had production in the 1970s-1980s＂,educed from archeological exploration.All the above mentioned results indicate that there is a reverse relationship obviously between the contents of Na and Ca in sediments at Zhongba site for ancient salt production,which can be used to reveal the process of rise and decline of ancient salt industry at Zhongba site.     

太湖东岸平原中全新世气候转型事件与新石器文化中断

来自苏州草鞋山遗址年代学,生物地层学和沉积学的分析结果表明,本区新石器文化演进与全新世气候突变的事件有关。高分辨率,连续的孢粉,粒度和磁化率记录证实,崧泽文化是在暖湿气候条件下出现和繁荣的,发生在５３６５ａＢ．Ｐ左右的一次干旱事件使之走向衰落,而出现在全新世大西洋期与亚北方期过渡阶段的一次气候转型事件中断本区文明达２００年之入。５１６０ａＢ．Ｐ．以后,气候转为暖干,经历了一次干旱事件后,良渚文化发