青藏铁路冻土路基沉降变形现场试验研究

Based on the field data of ground temperature and roadway settlement observed during the construction of the experimental embankments over permafrost along the Qinghai-Tibetan Railway, this paper discusses the differences of frost process on the roadway surface from that on the natural ground surface, the changes of permafrost table under the roadway embankment, and the peculiarities of roadway settlement. Analyses of the test results show : 1) The differences of the freezing indexes between the roadway surfaces and the natural ground surfaces are less than those of the thawing indexes for all the test sections; 2) Since the measures of permafrost protection were taken, the permafrost tables under the embankments have raised after the roadway was constructed. The minimum is about 0.4 m and the maximum is 1.2 m; 3) the settlements of the roadway are mainly from the compression and creep of the icerich frozen soils under the original permafrost tables and the maximum has reached 6 ～ 8 cm during the first year after the embankments were constructed. Moreover, concerning the processes of roadway settlement, the deformation of the embankments has no obvious trend of attenuation at present. Especially,for the roadway with high embankments, the settlement may reach a remarkable value and much consideration must be given for this problem.     

青藏高原多年冻土顶板温度和温度位移预报模型的应用

温度位移和多年冻土顶板温度是活动层研究和冻土环境研究中重要的能量指标. 主要讨论国外普遍采用的温度位移和多年冻土顶板温度近似模型的适用性, 并在青藏公路沿线8个冻土地温监测断面中应用模型进行计算. 结果表明温度位移和多年冻土顶板温度近似模型能够被用于预报低温多年冻土(年平均地温低于-1.5 ℃), 对于高温多年冻土(年平均地温高于-1.5 ℃)该模型不适用.     

饱和冻结粉土在常应变速率下的单轴抗压强度

Uniaxial compressive strength tests were conducted on the saturated frozen Lanzhou silt (loess) at various constant strain rates and at various constant temperatures. It is concluded from the test results that: the compressive strength (σ f) is very sensitive to temperature (θ) and increases with the temperature decreasing as a power law. Compressive strength is sensitive to strain rate () and increases with strain rates increasing within a certain range of strain rates as a power law. Compressive strength decreases when time to failure (tf) increases, also following a power law. Finally, Compressive strength of frozen silt with higher dry density (γd) is higher than that of frozen silt with lower dry density. The difference between them is mainly influenced by strain rate.     

冻土初始与附加细观损伤的CT识别模型

采用冻土附加损伤的概念, 给出了冻土在受载荷作用下产生的微裂纹与CT数之间的关系, 冻土密度与CT数以及冻土内部损伤量与CT数间关系模型, 并进行了讨论. 采用干土压实饱和的方法制作了无损冻土试样, 建立了冻土初始损伤的计算模式, 用该模式计算了不同冻土试样的初始损伤, 并以饱水分层压实试样为例计算了加载过程中的微裂纹损伤.     

冻土动力学研究的现状与进展

冻土动力学主要研究冻土在动荷载条件下的变形和强度特征及土体稳定性, 其研究成果对寒区工程设计有着重要的意义. 文章从以下几个方面介绍冻土动力学的研究现状和进展: 1)各种试验条件(土质、含水量、温度、围压、频率、应变幅值及最大应力)对冻土动力学参数(动弹性模量、动剪切模量和阻尼比)的影响; 2)冻土的动应力应变关系及动强度随频率、应变速率和围压的变化规律; 3)加载频率、最大加载应力、温度和围压对冻土动蠕变参数(破坏时间、破坏应变、最小蠕变速率)的影响及动蠕变模型.     

青藏高原多年冻土钻孔旁压试验研究

In-situ borehole pressuremeter tests were conducted to investigate the mechanical behaviors of permafrost along the Qinghai-Tibet Highway, and the test data were analyzed. The test results show that the short-term strength parameters of several types of frozen soils are linearly related to water content and soil temperature.     

冻土工程国家重点实验室的回顾与展望

冻土工程国家重点实验室是我国唯一的一个以冻土工程为主要研究内容的综合性实验室,其建设和发展对促进我国冻土学的发展有非常重要的意义,在迎来兰州冰川冻土研究所建所４０周年之际,冻土工程国家重点实验室也走过了近９年的历程,回顾昨天,展望未来,只有紧紧把握粘土学科前沿,创新超前,解决国家在寒区经济和社会发展中提出的基础性,关键性和综合性的工程和资源环境问题,才能创建一流的国家重点实验室,使我国冻土工程研究     

季节冻土场地上的地脉动特征

以张掖市的一场地为研究对象,通过对不同季节地脉动的测量和分析,研究了场地的脉动频谱特性随季节的变化.对场地实测资料的分析发现,冬季随着上覆冻土层的出现,使得场地刚度发生变化,频谱形状也明显地改变,地脉动的卓越频率明显提高.     

模拟人工冻结凿井状态下冻土强度特性研究

通过模拟人工冻结凿井中冻土冻结、受力的实际过程,对已冻结试样进行不同温度、不同初始围压状态下的减载试验研究.结果表明:温度和土层深度是影响深部冻土破坏强度和破坏应变的主要因素,当温度不变时,破坏强度和破坏应变随初始围压呈线性关系变化.破坏强度受温度的影响取决于初始围压,在低初始围压状态下,冻土的破坏强度受温度变化影响不明显,但随着初始围压增大即土层深度加深,破坏强度受温度的影响也逐渐明显.破坏应变随温度的降低而逐渐减小,且呈双曲线形变化,但当温度低于 - 7℃时,在不同初始围压下其破坏应变基本不随温度的变化而变化     

兰州地区季节冻土声波现场测试研究

通过对兰州地区4个不同地貌单元季节冻土的现场声波波速测试，获得了0-1.5m深度范围内冻土和融土的纵、横波波速，实测了相应的黄土的密度、含水量及地温资料，分析了波速与土的胶结状态、温度和含水量的关系，结果表明，土的胶结程度对波速度有重要影响，土质疏松，波速较小；土质密实，波速较大，温度在0℃以上时，波速随含水量的增大而减小；温度在0℃以下时，波速随温度的降低而增大。