当舌尖邂逅黔地＂辣＂滋味

每个人的味蕾上,都“驻扎”着一群敏感而固执的神经,舌尖上无疑保留着那些最鲜活和最永久的记忆。我曾去过很多地方旅行,也曾品尝过无数美食,那些美食尽管甘甜异香,却始终无法替代家乡的味道。记得在外地求学的时候,最让我魂牵梦萦的,不是家乡的山山水水,亦不是那些熟悉的街道,甚至不是父母的怀抱,     

我国台风高发期东海和南海海区GIIRS/FY-4A温度反演廓线精度研究

基于欧洲中期天气预报中心再分析资料ERA5,对GIIRS/FY-4A温度反演廓线在我国台风高发期东海和南海海区的反演精度进行研究,结果表明:(1)东海海区,无云时GIIRS质量控制0的数据总体RMSE为1.71 K,150～450 hPa高度范围内RMSE小于1 K,450 hPa至近海面RMSE在2 K以内.质量控制...     

INTEGRATED RISK ASSESSMENT OF MAJOR METEOROLOGICAL DISASTERS WITH PAPRIKA PEPPER IN HAINAN PROVINCE

Paprika pepper, as one of the main vegetable crops, is originated in the tropics and now widely planted in the world for its dietary therapy and medicinal functions. For its typical physiological properties referring to low tolerances to flood, drought and cold, paprika pepper often suffers from one or several disasters during its growing period, especially under tropical climate. Paprika pepper in Hainan, as a typical region of tropical climate in China, sustains flood, chilling and drought disaster risks induced by varied weather systems. This study was to develop and employ appropriate indices to assess hazard, sensitivity, vulnerability and prevention capability for major disasters during paprika pepper growth period, using long-term meteorological data from 1998 to 2011, actual disasters record from 1999 to 2011, production and socioeconomic statistics from 2002 to 2011 at 18 weather stations. Based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process and Entropy method, the combined weight was given to each disaster factor, thus an integrated disaster risk assessment model was developed and applied at regional level. High flood hazard mainly occurred in eastern Hainan, high chilling hazard in north and central mountain areas, and high drought hazard in the western part of Hainan. Drought and chilling sensitivity had a similar spatial distribution which decreased from central to coastal regions while flood sensitivity was the opposite. High vulnerability of the disasters mainly occurred in central regions, similar to low prevention capability. Eastern Hainan suffered from high integrated damage risk. The predicted damage occurrence showed a good agreement with the occurrence of actual disasters. We concluded that an integrated damage risk assessment model could provide a new tool to assess major meteorological disasters and help farmers and policy makers to alleviate the risks of major meteorological disasters for paprika pepper, which seems also suitable for other crops.     

空港经济区范围界定——以长三角枢纽机场为例

针对空港经济区相关研究一直依附于临空经济发展研究的现状,在分析空港经济区与临空经济区相互关系的基础上,明确了空港经济区概念,提出空港经济区范围界定方法：①紧邻机场区域的建成区形成与否是判别空港经济区是否形成的依据之一;②参照国内外成熟空港建设经验,对5km半径范围和15分钟时间覆盖区域分别进行圈层划分,进而计算各圈层内部各类临空指向产业比重,由此确定空港经济区所在圈层;③根据企业空间布局,对基础圈层进行一定变形,并结合实证地区实际情况,对比分析同心圆圈层分析与时间半径分析结果,以确定空港经济区最终范围。对长三角枢纽机场的实证研究表明,上海虹桥国际机场已经形成以机场为中心,外延2km的空港经济区,可达性分析表明,这一范围大致为空港交通走廊沿线6分钟车程内的高可达性地区。而南京禄口国际机场和无锡硕放国际机场由于周边区域产业的临空指向性较弱,尚未形成空港经济区。     

大数据驱动下的数字古地理重建：现状与展望

古地理学是一门强数据依赖性学科,古地理重建作为古地理学的核心任务之一,着眼于研究地质历史时期地球表面的地理、生物、气候面貌及其演化规律。随着大数据时代的来临,海量古地理数据的不断积累和计算机技术的高速发展使得标准化、智能化的数字古地理重建成为可能。文章通过介绍国内外与古地理相关的代表数据库及团队,总结其优缺点,提出大数据驱动下的数字古地理重建核心思路:(1)建立标准化的古地理学知识体系;(2)建立开放互动、动态更新的古地理数据库,并利用机器阅读技术等拓展数据来源;(3)建立标准化的古地理学数据质量控制体系;(4)利用机器学习技术建立各类型古地理重建模型,深度挖掘数据;(5)以可实时更新的智能数字地图集或多维动画形式输出成果。     

A three-dimensional satellite retrieval method for atmospheric temperature and moisture profiles

A three-dimensional variational method is proposed to simultaneously retrieve the 3-D atmospheric temperature and moisture profiles from satellite radiance measurements. To include both vertical structure and the horizontal patterns of the atmospheric temperature and moisture, an EOF technique is used to decompose the temperature and moisture field in a 3-D space. A number of numerical simulations are conducted and they demonstrate that the 3-D method is less sensitive to the observation errors compared to the 1-D method. When the observation error is more than 2.0 K, to get the best results, the truncation number for the EOF＇s expansion have to be restricted to 2 in the 1-D method, while it can be set as large as 40 in a 3-D method. This results in the truncation error being reduced and the retrieval accuracy being improved in the 3-D method. Compared to the 1-D method, the rms errors of the 3-D method are reduced by 48% and 36% for the temperature and moisture retrievals, respectively. Using the real satellite measured brightness temperatures at 0557 UTC 31 July 2002, the temperature and moisture profiles are retrieved over a region （20°-45°N, 100°- 125°E） and compared with 37 collocated radiosonde observations. The results show that the retrieval accuracy with a 3-D method is significantly higher than those with the 1-D method.     

和田玉籽玉原料皮色染色的鉴别探讨

近年来随着和田玉石籽料价格不断增长,大量的皮色染色的和田玉籽料也充斥着市场。本文通过对比和田玉籽料原料皮色及人工皮色的颜色、成因、颜色分布等,对和田玉籽玉原料皮色染色进行了鉴别探讨。     

次重力波对宽刈幅高度计海表面高度观测的影响

次重力波(Infragravity Wave,IGW)是一种频率较低(0.05～0.005 Hz),波长较长(约10 km)的表面重力波。由IGW引起的海表面高度变化会被宽刈幅干涉高度计SWOT(Surface Water and Ocean Topography,SWOT)卫星观测到,因此在使用SWOT观测的海表面高度来反演中尺度、次中尺度大洋环流时,IGW是一种重要的误差来源。根据数值模型模拟的全球IGW时空分布特征,本文以IGW最为活跃的东北太平洋和欧洲西北陆架附近大西洋为研究海域,估算了上述海域由IGW所引起的海表面高度变化,并将计算结果与SWOT Simulator模拟的轨道噪声(±5 cm)比较,首次定量地估算了IGW在SWOT观测海表面高度时的干扰程度。研究表明,IGW所引起的厘米量级的海表面高度变化在SWOT卫星观测海表面流场时是一种重要的,不可忽略的误差来源。在大西洋欧洲西北陆架海域,冬季IGW对海表面高度的贡献可达到SWOT卫星噪声要求水平的25%;然而,对于大陆架狭窄的美国西岸太平洋而言,由岸线产生的IGW将迅速传入深海海域,在广阔的范围内产生显著的"噪声"影响,在SWOT反演海表面流场时由IGW引起的误差将达到SWOT卫星噪声要求水平的15%。     

空港经济综合竞争力评估——以江苏省域机场为例

在界定空港经济竞争力概念的基础上,构建空港经济竞争力模型,以机场密集区中具有代表意义的江苏省域为区域背景,考察机场的空港经济竞争力及其内部子系统竞争力变化特征。在综合竞争力方面,江苏机场等级体系鲜明,具有明显地域过渡性。子系统分析表明,机场子系统差距最大,硬件建设普遍超前于软实力建设;城市子系统内部差距缩小,地域过渡特征更为明显;空港经济区子系统基本处于低位均衡。当前城市发展是省内空港经济的最强动力,但城市各要素作用力不均衡,经济、旅游、对外开放和科技研发作用较强,人口、交通要素作用较弱。基于子系统组合分析可将省内机场归为四类,最后针对成熟度各异的省内机场空港经济发展路径进行了分类指导。     

地面风对上海城市热岛影响的观测分析

首先利用上海77个区域站2011—2014年逐时气温和风资料,研究了地面风对上海城市热岛(urban heat island,UHI)的影响及UHI季节性空间分布特征的成因,并从海陆热力差异初步揭示了向岸风对热岛强度(urban heat island intensity,I_(UHI))的影响。其次利用上海7个国家站1961—2014年逐月气温和风资料,研究了上海各季地面风速与I_(UHI)的年际变化关系。结果表明:(1)UHI中心出现的位置与风向、风速有密切的关系,特别是夜间UHI中心有向城市下风方向漂移的特征,其平均漂移风速阈值为2 m·s~(-1),UHI区域随风速增大向城市下风方向延伸,I_(UHI)随风速的增大而减小。(2)上海各季夜间UHI特征明显,尤以秋冬季最为明显,春季次之,夏季最弱。春夏季夜间UHI中心出现在城区西北侧,而秋冬季夜间UHI中心稳定在城区,表现为典型UHI。各季白天均表现为下风方大范围增暖现象。季节地面盛行风决定了UHI季节性空间分布特征。(3)白天向岸风具有抑制升温作用(春夏季最为明显),受其影响气温大值区易出现在内陆地区,春夏季城市偏东区I_(UHI)小于偏西区;夜间向岸风具有抑制降温作用(秋冬季最为明显),受其影响秋冬季东部沿海地区出现明显增暖且城市偏东区I_(UHI)大于偏西区。海陆热力差随季节不同和盛行风风速大小决定了向岸风这种作用的大小及影响范围。(4)各季年平均地面风速与I_(UHI)均呈显著负相关,1961—2014年上海各季风速均表现为递减趋势(春冬季最明显),为I_(UHI)增大提供有利条件。21世纪以来各季I_(UHI)均呈现减缓特征(夏秋季最明显),风速并不是导致I_(UHI)减缓的主要因素。