脆性岩石侧向变形特征及损伤机理研究

进行了三峡花岗岩常规三轴压缩、保持轴向应变和保持轴向应力的卸围压试验,研究了脆性岩石在不同应力路径和不同加载控制方式下的侧向变形特征,可见临界侧向应变均稳定在（?0.004 ? 0.000 5）范围内。进一步进行三峡花岗岩的全过程应力-应变曲线和损伤力学分析,发现脆性岩石在不同应力路径和不同加载控制方式下均以侧向损伤为主,且侧向损伤曲线的形态近似,达到临界破坏状态时损伤值稳定在0.7?0.8左右。最后以侧向损伤变量表征花岗岩脆性破坏过程,建立了基于应变空间的、可以考虑卸荷应力路径的损伤模型和应变型破坏准则。     

生活协奏曲——未来理想社区

<正>住房承载着人民对美好生活的向往,那究竟什么样的房子才是“好房子”？在设计师看来,基于居住者的视角,探究住在房子里的人及其家庭的真实需求与感受,才能设计建造出真正的“好房子”。北京市住宅建筑设计研究院有限公司“好房子”大赛北京赛题设计团队希望从居住者的生活方式、行为模式、心理感受、幸福体验等切实需要为切入点,真正关注使用者的需求,设计出人民心目中满意的“好房子”,并进行了有益的探索和实践。     

东南极大陆边缘地区夏季近地面层风场特征分析

本文介绍了“2007-2008国际极地年”期间在南极东部大陆边缘伊丽莎白公主地区进行的风场结构观测实验。自动气象站(Automatic Weather Station,AWS)观测数据的统计分析结果表明,夏季该地区冰盖上的近表面风场主要是由下降风控制,而沿海地区的风场则由于海陆热力学性质的差异呈现出冰盖下降风与局地海陆风交互作用的特点。个例研究表明在冰盖下降风占优时段内,伊丽莎白公主地区的近表面风场具有相当规律的日变化特征,太阳人射辐射规律的日变化是这一现象出现的根本原因。多普勒声雷达对风场垂直结构的观测表明,150 m以下的各高度水平风矢量的变化特征与近地面层风场近似一致,冰盖下降风和海陆风旺盛阶段,偏东风和偏西风的高度可达650 m之高。     

长葛市大周镇有色金属产业集群动力机制研究

产业集群动力机制是获取持续竞争优势和推动产业集群发展的根本力量.在现场调查的基础上,系统分析大周镇有色金属产业集群形成的影响因素和形成原理.认为对该产业集群形成影响比较大的因素有共同的文化、制度创新、市场带动和环境建设等,而驱动其可持续发展的主要动力来源于社会网络、专业市场、本土企业家和地方政府引导与支持.这种动力机制为类似地区发展产业集群提供了案例性借鉴.     

一种基于知识的航空影像中道路半自动提取方法

利用线特征算子和多种线状地物跟踪方法建立了一种基于知识的航空影像中道路半自动提取方法。该算法计算量小 ,判断速度快 ,准确率较高 ,并且有较好的适应性。试验表明这是一种良好的道路提取方法。     

ON THE SOURCE AND GENESIS OF THE MUD IN THE CENTRAL AREA OF THE SOUTH YELLOW SEA

Investigations and studies for years all demonstrated that there is a patch of fine-grained mud in the central area of the South Yellow Sea. However, scientists have different opinions on its material source, genesis, and sedimentation intensity. Some believe that the materials come from the Huanghe River, some think that the mud area represents the depocentre of the South Yellow Sea, and some consider it as "relict mud ". The authors ' geochemical study reveals that the mud is multi-sourced, yet the material supply is not ample, and that a little amount of fine-grained suspended materials deposited slowly under the dynamic action of a cyclonic gyre formed the modern muddy sediment, which is named "multi-source modern mud ".     

GLIMMER Antarctic Ice Sheet Model,an experimental research of moving boundary condition

A 3-D coupled ice sheet model, GLIMMER model is introduced, and an idealized ice sheet experiment under the EISMINT-1 criterion of moving boundary condition is presented. The results of the experiment reveal that for a steady-state ice sheet profile the characteristic curves describe the process of evolution which are accordant with theoretical estimates. By solving the coupled thermodynamics equations of ice sheet, one may find the characteristic curves which derived from the conservation of the mass, energy and momentum to the ice flow profile. At the same time, an agreement, approximate to the GLIMMER case and the confirmed theoretical results, is found. Present study is explorihg work to introduce and discuss the handicaps of EISMINT criterion and GLIMMER, and prospect a few directions of the GLIMMER model.     

Status of the Recent Declining of Arctic Sea Ice Studies

In the past 30 years, a large-scale change occurred in the Arctic climatic system, which had never been observed before 1980s. At the same time, the Arctic sea ice experienced a special evolution with more and more rapidly dramatic declining. In this circumstance, the Arctic sea ice became a new focus of the Arctic research. The recent advancements about abrupt change of the Arctic sea ice are reviewed in this paper .The previous analyses have demonstrated the accelerated declining trend of Arctic sea ice extent in the past 30 years, based on in-situ and satellite-based observations of atmosphere, as well as the results of global and regional climate simulations. Especially in summer, the rate of decrease for the ice extents was above 10% per decade. In present paper, the evolution characteristics of the arctic sea ice and its possible cause are discussed in three aspects, i.e. the sea ice physical properties, the interaction process of sea ice, ocean and atmosphere and its response and feedback mechanism to global and arctic climate system.     

贵州织金磷矿稀土富集机制、赋存状态及可利用性

巨量的海相沉积磷矿不仅是磷的主要来源,而且还因其中大部分富含稀土元素而成为潜在的稀土资源。为更好地理解这类稀土的成矿规律、赋存状态和开发利用前景,本文利用XRD、SEM、LA-ICP-MS和TEM等分析手段,对贵州织金富稀土磷块岩进行研究。结果表明,稀土元素主要通过扩散作用从海水及孔隙水富集于纳米级磷灰石中。低沉积速率和纳米级磷灰石较大的比表面积均有利于稀土成矿;磷矿后期经历了低温还原性富F热液流体改造,改变了稀土元素的分布特征和配分模式,但这并非稀土富集主要原因;TEM分析显示,稀土元素主要以类质同象形式赋存于磷灰石晶格之中;稀土元素在磷灰石中晶格尺度赋存特点决定了只能对磷灰石进行分解破坏的提取方式。使用酸浸法将稀土元素作为伴生资源提取,是一种有效途径。     

南极普里兹湾夏季海冰边缘区内破碎海冰的分布特征

基于中国第21次南极考察中获得的69°00'S、76°24'E附近普里兹湾夏季海冰边缘区内破碎海冰的航拍照片,利用图像处理的方法从中提取了破碎海冰的若干几何参数,得到了海冰边缘区内随着与开阔水域距离增大,海冰面积、平均钳测直径等几何参数的变化规律。并按其尺寸的变化规律将海冰边缘区划分为边界区、过渡区和内部区三部分,其变化和波浪在冰边缘区中的衰减过程紧密相关。圆度的变化则说明海冰边缘区中海冰磨损最充分的地方是在冰间相互作用最明显的过渡区。另外,一种改进的幂函数分布和Weibull分布用来对破碎海冰尺寸的累积频率进行拟合,分布函数中各参数的变化情况很好的反映了海冰边缘区内破碎海冰的分布变化。其中,参数L_r随着与开阔水距离增加而增大(说明由于波能衰减导致可以出现的破碎海冰最大尺寸的增加);尺度参数L₀随着与开阔水距离增加而增大(反映了破碎海冰平均尺寸的增加以及由于波能的衰减而导致单位面积区域内尺寸较大的破碎海冰所占比例的增加);分布维数D随着与开阔水距离增加而减小(说明了由于波能的衰减导致破碎海冰所受约束条件的减弱);形状参数γ随着与开阔水距离增加而减小(说明了随着波能的衰减破碎海冰尺寸分布范围的增大)。