美国地震测深工作进展情况及其组织管理简况——中国地震测深考察组访美观感综述之二

中国国家地震局地震测深考察小组1981年3月至4月中旬访美观感综述之二,主要介绍了美国的地震测深方法及其资料处理,以及组织管理等情况。     

A study on physical property of crustal ma—terial and seismogenic environment in northeastern Pamir

2-D crustal structure and velocity ratio are obtained by processing S-wave data from two wide-angle reflec-tion/refraction profiles in and around Jiashi in northeastern Pamir,with the result of P-wave data taken into con-sideration.The result shows that:1)Average crustal velocity ratio is obviously higher in Tarim block than in West Kunlun Mts.and Tianshan fold zone,which reflects its crustal physical property of “hardness“and stability.The relatively low but normal velocity ratio(Poisson‘s ratio)of the lower crust indicates that the “downward thrusting“ of Tarim basin is the main feature of crustal movement in this area.2)The rock layer in the upper crust of Tian-shan fold zone is relatively“soft“,which makes it prone to rupture and stress energy release.This is the primary tectonic factor for the concentration of small earthquakes in this area.3)Jiashi is located right over the apex or the inflection point of the updoming lower crustal interface C and the crust-mantle boundary,which is the deep struc-tural background for the occurrence of strong earthquakes.The alternate variation of vp/vs near the block bounda-ries and the complicated configuration of the interfaces in the upper and middle part of the upper crust form a par-ticular structural environment for the Jiashi strong earthquake swarm.vp/vs is comparatively high and shear modulus is low at the focal region,which may be the main reason for the low stress drop of the Jiashi strong earthquake swarm.     

延庆─怀来地区地壳细结构──利用深地震反射剖面

１９９２年底在延庆－怀来地区实施了深地震反射剖面测量，目的是通过对该区地壳细结构的研究来探讨延庆－怀来盆地形成演化的机制和过程，以及与该区地震活动图像的关系．结果表明，研究区上部地壳总体上呈“透明”性质，厚２５－２６ｋｍ；下部地壳具有强烈的反射性质，厚约１４－１５ｋｍ．壳幔过渡带是由双程走时约２ｓ和厚约５－６ｋｍ的水平反射叠层所组成，莫霍界面具有深度深（约３９－４０ｋｍ）和平坦的特点。     

中国东部及其邻域岩石圈底界面特征及地震活动性

对布格异常采用小波变换场分离技术得到深部重力异常，利用其他地球物理方法获得较可靠的先验信息作为约束，并采用球谐函数的级数解形式对中国东部及其邻域的深部重力异常进行联合反演，获得了该区岩石圈底界面的展布图像；同时对岩石圈底界面特征和强地震分布特性进行了讨论，指出中国东部及其邻域在地貌分布、各种地球物理场和岩石圈结构等方面都明显地具有分区性，很可能与深部岩石圈底界面的变化有关，而岩石圈底界面的形态的差异将对岩石圈层的运动和一系列地质过程产生重要作用，强地震活动的分布也与深部岩石圈界面形态和构造环境密切相关.     

中国地震测深考察组访美概况及美国几种数字磁带仪情况(访美观感综述之一)

作为访美观感综述之一,首先介绍了中国国家地震局地震测深考察组一行5人于1981年3月中旬至4月中旬访美概况,本文着重综述了美国可用于地震测深的几种数字磁带仪,并对这些仪器的主要指标、时间服务系统、工作环境等情况作了全面介绍,其中包括动态范围、触发启动方式和控制功能、磁带记录系统、折合到输入端噪音、仪器使用的环境温度、信号的回放处理、时钟精度和稳定性、时间的校准,拾震器的选配,以及数字记录仪的可靠性等方面。     

Deep seismic sounding investigation into the deep structure of the magma system in Changbaishan-Tianchi volcanic region

IntroductionThe Changbaishan-Tianchi volcano, located in Jilin Province, northeast of China, is one of the well-known active volcanoes in China. In the year 1 215(15, the volcano underwent an eruption that is believed to be one of the greatest explosive eruptions on earth in the past 2000 years with regard to its scale and violence. The eruption amounted to over 100 km3, and the eruption cylinder reached a height of more than 30 km, the volcanic ashes floated and fell south of Hokkaido, Jap…     

长白山天池火山区基底结构研究

利用在长白山天池火山区布设的 4条深地震测深剖面和 1个三维地震透射台阵的Pg波资料 ,用有限差分方法反演了该地区的基底速度结构。对该地区的基底速度结构特征及P波速度5 9～ 6 0km/s所对应的结晶基底的界面形态、深度等进行了讨论。反演结果表明 ,长白山天池火山区基底深度变化不大 ,一般为 2 .0～ 3.0km ,最深处位于天池火山口下和二道白河 -池西之间 ;最浅处位于松江附近 ,约为 1.5km。同时发现天池火山口下及二道白河 -池西保护站之间是两处低速区 ,结晶基底深度为 4 .0km ,其中二道白河 -池西保护站之间的低速区对应于地质构造上的地堑构造。提出基底速度横向变化剧烈和基底深度突变的特征可以作为断层存在的一种标志     

玛沁-靖边剖面S波资料研究与探讨

对玛沁——靖边剖面深地震测深S波资料处理解释，获得本区S波二维地壳速度结构和波速比结构．结果表明，该区S波二维速度结构和波速比结构，沿剖面存在着明显的差异．剖面西段和海原地区下方呈现S波速度偏低，而波速比偏高的结构特征；剖面中段和东段的S波速度和波速比正常．根据S波速度结构和波速比结构的横向变化特征，讨论了两大异常区岩性的变化．推测海原大地震孕育发生不仅与构造活动有关，而且与该区的岩石性质有关．      

切实加强地震研究基础性工作是实现预测更加科学的必由之路

根据我国大陆强震的特点，强调加强地震基础研究工作的重要性。提出应在明确的科学思路引导下，有计划地开展基础性的探测工作，不断积累数据，深化对孕震构造环境和大陆破坏性地震发生机理的认识，以期达到“长期预报更加科学，中期预报成功率不断提高，短期预报有新的突破”的目标。     

Tomographic determination of the upper crustal structure in the Jiashi strong earthquake swarm region

IntroductionBetween January and April of 1997, 7 earthquakes with M(6.0 occurred successively in Jiashi, Xinjiang. The continual occurrence of strong earthquakes within such a small area and in such a short period of time is exceptional for intraplate earthquakes. The Jiashi earthquake swarm took place on the northeast side of the Pamirs, where the Tarim basin, South Tianshan and West Karakoram meet (HU, et al, 1989). This is also a place where a number of active faults develop, so it is…