复经验正交函数方法对湛江南三岛海滩剖面季节变化动态特征研究

利用复经验正交函数(CEOF)分析方法对湛江南三岛2009年2月22日至2010年4月21日期间的实测海滩剖面数据进行了分析。结果表明该海滩的季节变化有3个主要模态:第1模态是海滩风暴剖面和涌浪剖面之间的相互转换,其贡献占总方差的71.18%。其原因是海区侵蚀性风暴大浪和建设性涌浪的交替变化。第2模态是平均高、低潮线之间的地形变化,其原因是由于潮汐变化导致入射波浪冲流活动范围变化,占总方差的14.28%。第3模态是侵蚀大浪过后的水下沙坝向岸迁移,并受潮汐影响在滩面上摆动,占总方差的6.80%。最后指出必须重视风暴对华南海滩演变季节性过程的影响。     

文石方解石化对文石石笋δ18O记录的影响

近年来,文石石笋成为古气候研究的新材料,但文石的方解石化对文石石笋氧同位素的影响问题仍未很好地解决。选取湖南湘西莲花洞方解石化文石石笋LH5为研究对象,基于18个TIMS-U系年龄和311个δ18O,探讨了方解石化对文石石笋古气候记录的影响。结果表明：1）文石的方解石化会引起文石矿物中所赋存的铀元素流失,造成铀系年龄的倒转,但LH5石笋中下部铀系衰变体系的开放程度较低（＜10%）,在剔除异常年龄后,仍可构建时间标尺。2）通过末次冰消期气候事件的对比发现：文石的方解石化会导致δ18O的异常波动,末次冰消期其他中国南方石笋记录的气候事件,如B?lling-Aller?d和新仙女木事件等在LH5石笋中都难以确认。而在LH5石笋的中上部文石层段,δ18O波动却能够很好地记录气候的变化。3）洞穴滴水的淋滤被认为是文石方解石化的主要原因之一。但对于LH5石笋而言,洞穴滴水的溅蚀作用可能在文石向方解石转变过程中起到了重要作用。由于在石笋的不同部位受到溅蚀淋滤的强度不同,以及石笋结构的非均一性等原因,导致文石的方解石化不均匀,这也最终造成LH5石笋文石-方解石层段δ18O的非线性变化,失去记录气候变化的能力。     

南海北部珊瑚生长率对4.2 ka气候事件的记录

The 4.2 ka event that occurred during the period from 4 500–3 900 a BP was characterized by cold and dry climates and resulted in the collapse of civilizations around the world. The cause of this climatic event, however, has been under debate. We collected four corals(Porites lutea) from Yongxing Island, Xisha Islands, South China Sea, dated them with the U-series method, and measured the annual coral growth rates using X-ray technology. The dating results showed that the coral growth ages were from 4 500–3 900 a BP, which coincide well with the period of the4.2 ka event. We then reconstructed annual sea surface temperature anomaly(SSTA) variations based on the coral growth rates. The growth rate-based SSTA results showed that the interdecadal SSTA from 4 500–3 900 a BP was lower than that during modern times(1961–2008 AD). A spectral analysis showed that the SSTA variations from4 500–3 900 a BP were under the influence of El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation(ENSO) activities. From 4 500–4 100 a BP, the climate exhibited La Ni?a-like conditions with weak ENSO intensity and relatively stable and lower SSTA amplitudes. From 4 100–3 900 a BP, the climate underwent a complicated period of ENSO variability and showed alternating El Ni?o-or La Ni?a-like conditions at interdecadal time scales and large SSTA amplitudes. We speculate that during the early and middle stages of the 4.2 ka event, the cold climate caused by weak ENSO activities largely weakened social productivity. Then, during the end stages of the 4.2 ka event, the repeated fluctuations in the ENSO intensity caused frequent extreme weather events, resulting in the collapse of civilizations worldwide. Thus, the new evidence obtained from our coral records suggests that the 4.2 ka event as well as the related collapse of civilizations were very likely driven by ENSO variability.     

中晚全新世湘西莲花洞石笋灰度变化特征 及其古气候意义

以湖南湘西莲花洞LH2石笋为研究对象,在高精度铀系定年的基础上,构建了湘西地区中晚全新世文石石笋灰度序列。中晚全新世,LH2石笋灰度值与δ18O值呈负相关同步变化,与旋回沉积速率呈正相关关系。LH2石笋的剖面灰度与文石的结晶形态有关,受降雨量和温度的控制。LH2石笋灰度显示,中晚全新世（8.6—0.03 ka B.P.）湘西地区气候变化可以划分为3个阶段：8.6—5.7 ka B.P.期间,夏季风强盛,气候暖湿,灰度值整体偏高;5.7—2.8 ka B.P.期间,灰度值逐渐降低,指示夏季风持续减弱,气候从暖湿向冷干过渡;2.8—0.03 ka B.P.期间,灰度值整体偏低,且存在较大幅度的波动,表明该时段气候整体偏冷干,但其间存在明显的温湿波动。在轨道尺度上,LH2石笋灰度值主要受北半球夏季太阳辐射量和热带辐合带（ITCZ）位置的控制。在百年尺度上LH2石笋灰度值的突变可能与北大西洋冰筏事件存在关联;年代际尺度上,LH2石笋灰度的变化受太阳活动和太平洋年代际涛动（PDO）的调控。在年际尺度上LH2石笋灰度的波动可能受厄尔尼诺—南方涛动（ENSO）活动驱动。     

西藏昌都热底垄棺墓人骨年代的研究

通过对西藏昌都热底垄石棺墓人骨年代的研究,认为热底垄石棺墓的年代应不早于卡若遗址,不晚于香贝石棺墓,人骨14C年代应该在距今4000~2 400a之间.并论述了人骨测年的方法以及在野外采样的注意事项.在定年方法上,提出对同一样品采用不同的测定技术进行交叉验证,以提高数据的可信度研究方法.