国外自发地理信息研究进展及对我国的启示

在内涵解析的基础上,主要从数据质量评估、贡献者分类与动机以及法律议题三方面归纳与梳理国外自发地理信息的研究情况。相比较而言,我国对自发地理信息的研究无论从深度还是广度上都处于起步阶段,未来研究应从四个方面深入开展:政府主导下的公众贡献自发地理信息;数据质量控制;移动自发地理信息以及自发地理信息涉及的法律议题。     

GPS水准在西部库区确定高程控制点中的应用

在我国西部山区,受地形起伏影响,很难通过传统的几何水准连测方式获取固定点的正常高,全球定位系统(GPS)技术的发展,使得大地测量发生了一场技术革命,可以全天候、实时提供可靠的地球三维坐标、三维角速度和时间信息.GPS高程精度的核心是评估高程异常值的精度,本文通过西部库区布设GPS平高控制点,利用区域似大地水准面精化模型实现了应用GPS水准法获取了高精度的正常高,并通过外符合检核方式评估其精度达到四等几何水准精度要求.     

城市空间三维地图及其在智慧城市中的应用

对城市空间三维地图相关的关键技术进行了系统梳理,结合深圳市拟建设的"数字政府"基础时空平台——"深圳市可视化城市空间数字平台"开展实例研究。结果表明,从二维地图可视化提升到城市空间的三维地图可视化,需要从现有的空间数据模型、数据组织与调度逻辑、地图可视化表达方法等方面开展研究,形成城市级的三维数据可视化表达核心框架,满足各类城市应用可视化渲染与仿真需求。     

泛地图学理论研究框架

信息与通信技术的快速发展带动人类进入地理空间、人文社会空间和信息空间相融合的三元空间。地图制图的目的、人员、对象和环境等均发生巨大变化,地图的类型、空间对象、表达维度、地图角色等呈现出显著泛化特征,现有地图学理论无法引领和指导当代的地图实践。地图学理论亟待"突围"。从地图学研究的角度出发,重新梳理泛地图的对象空间理论、表达维度模型,以及表达机制与方法,构建适应新环境背景,满足地图新视角、新思维、新制图需求的泛地图学理论框架,以适应地图学在新时期发展的需要。     

青海德合龙洼金铜矿床地质地球化学特征

通过对青海德合龙洼金铜矿床矿石稀土元素、微量元素、铅硫同位素地球化学特征的研究,稀土总量(ΣREE)为14.22×10-6~176.54×10-6;LREE/HREE为2.37~12.19,轻稀土富集,重稀土亏损,大部分具有正铕异常;微量元素中Ba,Sr,Ti亏损,低场强元素含量较低,高场强元素Sc,Th,U,Zr,Hf,Nb,Ta中,Zr的质量分数最高,亲铁元素中V强烈富集;硫同位素δ(34S)=+2.2×10-3~+7.0×10-3,平均值为+4.98×10-3,均一化程度较高;铅同位素的数据点主要分布于上地壳铅和造山带铅之间;认为德合龙洼金矿的成矿物质来源主要为壳幔混合源。     

吉林省和龙市官地BIFs铁矿床地质特征

前寒武条带状磁铁矿(BIFs)是全球分布最广、规模最大的铁矿类型,官地铁矿是吉林省和龙地区的一个典型BIFs铁矿床,国内称之为鞍山式铁矿。     

世界页岩气勘探开发现状及对中国的启示

页岩气是一种潜在资源量巨大的非常规天然气资源,具有开采技术要求高、开采寿命长、稳产周期长的特点。近些年来,严峻的能源紧张形势和能源价格的快速增长,使页岩气资源在全世界受到了广泛的重视。回顾了美国页岩气勘探开发的历史,总结了美国的页岩气发育情况,跟踪了世界其他地区(加拿大、欧洲)包括中国页岩气研究的最新进展情况。根据前人的资料,认为中国南方海相页岩和北方盆地的湖相页岩具有巨大的页岩气资源潜力。鉴于页岩气是一种非常规能源,对其研究具有重大的现实意义,建议中国相关部门加大研究投入力度,尽快开展页岩气资源战略调查和选区研究工作,加强技术攻关创新、引进和国际合作,探讨中国现实国情下的页岩气相关政策,以早日实现页岩气在中国的商业性开发,促进经济快速发展。     

基于潜力模型的广东城市可达性度量及经济联系分析

以城市中心职能强度指数分析为基础,应用和改进潜力模型对广东省各地级市的可达性进行综合测算和空间差异分析。结果表明,广东城市可达性及由此反映出来的经济联系的空间格局呈现同心圈层结构,并以佛山市禅城区和顺德区为中心向外辐射。广东珠三角城市群表现出最优的可达性和经济联系强度,而北部和东、西两翼城市在交通网络结构缺乏横向关联、远离经济中心的地理位置和过于依赖珠三角城市群的带动作用等因素的综合影响下,可达性程度和经济联系最差。通过城市可达性和经济联系强度的空间分异规律分析,揭示出广东区域空间结构和交通网络结构存在的问题,诠释城市经济水平、发展模式和地理区位对可达性空间分异的作用,从而为广东省城镇网络体系发育、区域经济协调及珠三角产业转移规划优化提供科学支撑。     

中国南海区1992-2012年的中尺度涡旋演化过程表达与统计分析

Automated identification and tracking of mesoscale ocean eddies has recently become one research hotspot in physical oceanography. Several methods have been developed and applied to survey the general kinetic and geometric characteristics of the ocean eddies in the South China Sea（SCS）. However, very few studies attempt to examine eddies＇ internal evolution processes. In this study, we reported a hybrid method to trace eddies＇ propagation in the SCS based on their internal structures, which are characterized by eddy centers, footprint borders, and composite borders. Eddy identification and tracking results were represented by a GIS-based spatiotemporal model. Information on instant states, dynamic evolution processes, and events of disappearance, reappearance, split, and mergence is stored in a GIS database. Results were validated by comparing against the ten Dongsha Cyclonic Eddies（DCEs） and the three long-lived anticyclonic eddies（ACEs） in the northern SCS, which were reported in previous literature. Our study confirmed the development of these eddies. Furthermore, we found more DCE-like and ACE-like eddies in these areas from 2005 to 2012 in our database. Spatial distribution analysis of disappearing, reappearing, splitting, and merging activities shows that eddies in the SCS tend to cluster to the northwest of Luzon Island, southwest of Luzon Strait, and around the marginal sea of Vietnam. Kuroshio intrusions and the complex sea floor topography in these areas are the possible factors that lead to these spatial clusters.     

南大西洋沉积物中多环芳香化合物的组成特征研究

10 samples of sediments obtained from the South Mid-Atlantic Ridge were measured for the abundances and distributions of polycyclic aromatic compounds(PAHs). The total concentrations of PAHs(∑PAHs) ranged from 2.768 to 9.826 μg/g dry sediment. The ∑PAHs was higher in sample 22V-TVG10 and sample 26V-TVG05 which were close to hydrothermal fields, with the lowest value in sample 22V-TVG14 which was farthest from hydrothermal fields, suggesting a probable hydrothermal origin of ∑PAHs of samples. Approximately nine kinds of PAHs were identified, and low molecular mass tricyclic and tetracyclic aromatic compounds were predominant in the samples. The concentrations of fluoranthene which were typical as hydrothermal alteration compounds were the highest among PAHs with dry weight between 0.913–3.157 μg/g. The phenanthrene homologue was most abundant in the samples, and the ratios between parent phenanthrene and methylphenanthrene which probably reflected the degree of hydrothermal alteration ranged from 0.097 to 1.602. The sample 22V-TVG10 possessing a maximum ratio value showed the intense influence of the hydrothermal alteration on this sample, which might further imply that PAHs in sediments were mainly derived from the hydrothermal alteration.