遥感科学与技术中的一些前沿问题

将人不可及的观测统称为遥感,使地面传感器成为遥感的一部分.提出遥感科学与技术的基本内容,包括传感器研制、遥感数据获取、数据处理、信息提取和应用5个部分.其理论基础是辐射传输过程模拟与反演,贯穿于各个组成部分.数据的可视化及传输发布存在于从数据获取到应用的各个环节.遥感科学与技术正处于快速发展时期,各个方面都有前沿问题.辐射传输理论中的尺度和多角度问题,地形对辐射和图像几何影响及相应的多源多时相数据的匹配问题,遥感信息提取中自动化和目视解译的结合以及信息提取新策略问题,遥感与基于过程模拟的气候一水文-生态模式相结合的四维数据同化技术等是当前遥感科学与技术发展中的重要学科前沿.四维数据同化技术是突破遥感瞬时信息获取、实现图像与机理模型有机结合、改善自身数据产品质量和促进地学大范围模拟准确性的重要发展方向,能增强遥感对全球变化科学的贡献.     

基于快速聚类方法的30m分辨率中国土地覆盖遥感制图

大范围遥感土地覆盖制图通常费时费力.本文采用一种基于特征空间变换的快速聚类方法(CBEST)对覆盖中国的508景Landsat Thematic Mapper(TM)影像进行土地覆盖制图.将中国划分为50个生态分区,每个生态分区内采用CBEST方法对TM影像进行快速聚类,CBEST平均聚类时间约为每2 min一景;通过对自动获得的光谱簇人工土地覆盖类型识别,归并光谱簇,绘制30 m空间分辨率的中国土地覆盖图,统计土地覆盖类型面积,生成主要土地覆盖类型专题图.采用2159个分布全国的验证样本对制图结果进行精度验证,得到总体精度为71.7%,Kappa系数为0.641.与当前两套全球地表覆盖产品(FROM-GLC和GlobCover 2009)的局部对比表明CBEST分类结果在各类型土地覆盖面积统计及视觉效果上存在优势.     

运用证据权重法进行阳性钉螺-地理因子的空间关系研究

Schistosomiasis is a serious public health problem in the middle-lower Yangtze River Basin in China. Study of spatial variation of snail distribution that is related to microgeographic factors can help to choose pertinent measures for snail extinguishment and environment rebuilding. This paper studied the theoretical architecture of weights-of-evidence approach. The case study was made for spatial relation between the occurrence of infected snails and geographic factor combinations in Waijiazhou marshland of Poyang Lake region in China. The multievidence data came from the geographical factor combinations by crossing operation of vegetation coverage grade layer, cattle route distance grade layer, and special environment layer (181 combinations in total) in GIS. The calculation of weight contrast index shows that high vegetation coverage, cattle route distance of <45 meters, and special geographic factor “ground depression” had direct spatial relation with the occurrence of infected snails. The verification by crossing operation in GIS indicated 72.45% of the infected snails concentrated on the areas of positive weight contrast index (sequenced in an order of weight contrast index from high to low), demonstrating the high efficiency of the model established in finding infected snails according to the geographic factor combinations that can be explicitly discerned in the study area. Supported by a the National Natural Science Fundation of China (No. 30590370), the Research Project “Spatial Simulation of Schistosomiasis Susceptible Areas in the Poyang Lake Region” Sponsored by Science Research Plan 2007 of Jiangxi Normal University (Natural Science Category).     

用中国环境减灾卫星1号数据评估日本仙台9.0级大地震引发海啸淹没区

地震对平坦地区引起的损失用中等分辨率的卫星数据比较难于辨认。但是,2011-03-11在日本仙台发生的9.0级大地震引发了巨大的海啸。海啸造成日本东北部近海岸带的低洼陆地巨大的淹没损失。如果能及时获取当时海啸淹没的遥感影像,应该能够获得比较准确的淹没区制图。但是,我们能够获得的资料仅仅是地震发生以后3天的中国环境减灾卫星1号的多光谱成像数据,我们报告利用这份资料获得的淹没区的