1989年以来华北地区中强震前地震矩加速释放空间扫描特征的研究

利用地震矩释放程度m值对1989年以来华北地区12次MS≥5.0中强地震前的矩加速释放现象进行了研究。基于删除余震后的地震目录,提取了与矩加速释放相关的特征时—空尺度作为AMR现象在华北地区的扫描模型参数。采用震前1年逐3个月的扫描方式,得到了12次震例在震中附近与时间相依的m值的空间演变图像,并考察了震前震源区附近的Benioff应变释放情况。结果表明,华北地区MS5.0~5.5地震前AMR现象与实际震中和发震时刻的关联性不明显;而MS5.6~6.4地震前67%的震例在震中附近出现稳定和集中分布的矩释放加速区域,说明华北地区MS≥5.5中强震前AMR现象具有一定程度的普遍性,利用AMR现象对未来中强震发震地点的预测有一定的潜能和可挖掘性,但仍需其他方法相互佐证。     

CIFO:针对显著对象的彩色图像检索方法

针对具有显著对象的彩色图像,尤其是事件和场景等语义简单的商标、地标图像,提出了一种组合特征的图像检索方法。在分析光谱能量结构模型的基础上,将颜色边界用于构建前景对象轮廓直方图,将颜色不变量用于提取对象的局部特征点,提出了一种结合对象轮廓与对象局部特征点的方法,称之为Freeman码与ORB特征综合法(color invariants to Freeman and ORB,CIFO)。应用CIFO对多组图像进行了实验,结果表明,对于检索具有显著对象的彩色图像,CIFO特征方法比目前基于特征检索的三种经典方法有明显优势。     

基于CloudSat资料的青藏高原地区云微物理特征分析

青藏高原云物理特征的认识对高原天气和气候的研究有重要意义。利用2006年6月—2011年4月的CloudSat卫星资料,分析了青藏高原地区云的总云水路径、液态水路径、冰水路径及雷达反射率的分布特征,并对高原与东亚降水云的垂直结构进行对比,得到如下结论:(1) 总云水路径的大值区分布在高原西南坡、东南部及高原中部低值区分布在昆仑山脉、祁连山脉及其以北地区;暖季大于冷季;(2) 高原南部及东部为液水路径大值区,以液相云为主;高原中部、北部及西部为冰水路径大值区,以冰相云为主;(3) 雷达反射率的垂直分布主要介于-27～17 dBz,集中在3～9 km;云粒子群随高度先增大后减小,在4 km高度的大小和浓度最大;暖季云高大于冷季,对流活动旺盛;(4) 高原与东亚降水云的结构不同,季节变化也与东亚有差别。(5) 雷达反射率在近地面层随纬度的增大减小,垂直方向的递减率是暖季小于冷季;(6) 冷季的高原上与周边相比为丰水区,南坡的冰水路径与低层雷达反射率大值区对应,表明南坡阻挡作用促进云中冰粒子的形成。      

急性高温低氧胁迫下刺参体腔液细胞miRNA表达谱的构建和靶标基因的功能分析

为了探究刺参应对极端高温、低氧环境的内在分子调控机制,促进刺参养殖产业的可持续发展.本研究以刺参体腔液细胞作为研究对象,分别构建了高温、低氧下miRNA的差异表达谱并分析了差异表达miRNAs的靶基因功能.研究表明:高温组中共发掘了20个差异表达miRNA,其中11个上调,9个下调;低氧组中共发掘了10个差异表达miR...     

塔里木河下游常见植物繁殖体形态特征比较

4- 以塔里木河下游荒漠河岸林21种常见植物繁殖体为研究对象,对其形态特征进行了比较分析.结果表明:(1)不同繁殖体之间重量差别很大.单粒重最小的是多花柽柳(0.019 8 mg),最大的是沙枣(131.387 2 mg);(2)繁殖体三维(长、宽、高)的方差最小的是胀果甘草(0.022),方差最大的是蒲公英0.145.菊科、禾本科、茄科和荚竹桃科植物繁殖体均偏离圆球形较大(方差>0.05);(3)柽柳科、杨柳科、菊科和夹竹桃科均具有附属物,这些形态特征有利于物种的扩散和定居;(4)有7种植物的繁殖体重量小于1 mg,且比较接近圆球形(方差小于0.09),有利于形成持久土壤种子库.     

巧用创新活动方案 培养学生创新思维能力

新课标倡导探究学习,着力培养学生的创新精神和实践能力,强调知识的生成过程。那么,如何精心设计,引导学生进行创新思维活动呢？我在教学实践中主要采用创新活动方案的形式,引导学生积极思维,创造性地解决问题。     

未来气候情景下中国生态地理区域系统温度带的北移(英文)

Despite the well-documented effects of global climate change on terrestrial species' ranges,eco-geographical regions as the regional scale of ecosystems have been poorly studied especially in China with diverse climate and ecosystems.Here we analyse the shift of temperature zones in eco-geographical study over China using projected future climate scenario.Projected climate data with high resolution during 1961-2080 were simulated using regional climate model of PRECIS.The number of days with mean daily temperature above 10℃ and the mean temperature of January are usually regarded as the principal criteria to indicate temperature zones,which are sensitive to climate change.Shifts due to future climate change were calculated by comparing the latitude of grid cells for the future borderline of one temperature zone with that for baseline period(1961-1990).Results indicated that the ranges of Tropical,Subtropical,Warm Temperate and Plateau Temperate Zones would be enlarged and the ranges of Cold Temperate,Temperate and Plateau Sub-cold Zones would be reduced.Cold Temperate Zone would probably disappear at late this century.North borderlines of temperature zones would shift northward under projected future climate change,especially in East China.Farthest shifts of the north boundaries of Plateau Temperate,Subtropical and Warm Temperate Zones would be 3.1°,5.3° and 6.6° latitude respectively.Moreover,northward shift would be more notably in northern China as future temperature increased.     

Developmental expression pattern of calmodulin gene in amphioxus Branchiostoma belcheri tsingtauense

We investigated the developmental expression pattern of AmphiCaM in cephalochordate amphioxus (Branchiostoma belcheri tsingtauense). We cultured and sampled the animals at different developmental stages (eggs and larvae), and used in-situ hybridization and northern blotting to document the spatial and temporal changes in AmphiCaM expression. The alimentary tract dominates the development from the late neurula stage to the adult stage. AmphiCaM expression increased significantly in the alimentary tract during the late neurula stage and remained elevated in the adults. Our results indicate that AmphiCaM is involved in the differentiation of the alimentary tract in amphioxus; and furthermore, provide an insight into the change in function of CaM genes during evolution.     

Comparison of nonlinear and linear PCA on surface wind, surface height, and SST in the South China Sea

We compared nonlinear principal component analysis (NLPCA) with linear principal component analysis (LPCA) with the data of sea surface wind anomalies (SWA), surface height anomalies (SSHA), and sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA), taken in the South China Sea (SCS) between 1993 and 2003. The SCS monthly data for SWA, SSHA and SSTA (i.e., the anomalies with climatological seasonal cycle removed) were pre-filtered by LPCA, with only three leading modes retained. The first three modes of SWA, SSHA, and SSTA of LPCA explained 86%, 71%, and 94% of the total variance in the original data, respectively. Thus, the three associated time coefficient functions (TCFs) were used as the input data for NLPCA network. The NLPCA was made based on feed-forward neural network models. Compared with classical linear PCA, the first NLPCA mode could explain more variance than linear PCA for the above data. The nonlinearity of SWA and SSHA were stronger in most areas of the SCS. The first mode of the NLPCA on the SWA and SSHA accounted for 67.26% of the variance versus 54.7%, and 60.24% versus 50.43%, respectively for the first LPCA mode. Conversely, the nonlinear SSTA, localized in the northern SCS and southern continental shelf region, resulted in little improvement in the explanation of the variance for the first NLPCA.     

中国地质灾害总体特征与形势分析

我国地质灾害总体特征为灾害数量多、分布广、损失重,多发生在汛期的5~8月,地质灾害年内高发时段由南向北逐渐推移。滑坡崩塌泥石流高易发区主要分布在西南山地区、秦岭大巴山区和黄土高原等地区。近年来,极端气候事件增多、地震活跃等因素增加了地质灾害预警预报的难度,总体来看,未来5年,我国地质灾害仍将处于高发期,面临的防灾减灾形势更加严峻。