游走瘦西湖

正尽管襟江带淮,如果没有瘦西湖,扬州定然枯涩,就像迟暮的美人。若把杭州西子湖比作雍容贵妇,那么,扬州瘦西湖就是窈窕淑女。瘦西湖原名炮山河,亦名保障河、保障湖,又名长春湖。据《宋书·徐湛之传》记载:"广陵城旧有高楼,湛之更加修整,南望钟山。城北有陂泽,水物丰盛。湛之更起风亭、月观、吹台、琴室,果竹繁茂,花药成行,招集文士,尽游玩之适,一时之盛也。"由此可见,扬州早在南北朝时就是旅游胜地了。不过,瘦西湖闻名于世却因清代杭州诗人     

Numerical Simulation and Experimental Study of the Effects of Disposal Space on the Flow Field Around the Combined Three-Tube Reefs

The artificial reefs placed on the seabed with different layouts and disposal spaces will produce variational flow field. The intensity and scale of the combined three-tube artificial reefs with different layouts at five Reynolds numbers (Re) are numerically investigated by use of the RNG k?ε turbulent model and SIMPLEC algorithm. A stationary no-slip boundary condition is used on the models and the bottoms, and the free surface is treated as a “moving wall” with zero shear force and the same velocity with inflow. In order to validate the simulation results, a particle image velocimetry (PIV) experiment is carried out to analyze the flow field. The numerical simulation results are consistent with the data obtained from experiment. The corresponding errors are all below 20%. Based on the validation, the effects of disposal space on flow field are simulated and analyzed. According to the simulation, in a parallel combination, a better artificial reef effect is obtained when the disposal space between two parallel reefs is 1.0L (L is the length of the combined three-tube reef model). In a vertical combination, when the disposal space between two vertical reefs is 1.0L to 2.0L, the artificial reef effect is better.     

基于粗糙集理论与响应面法的老黏土膨胀敏感性分析方法

评价老黏土膨胀性等级时出现的误差主要源于多因素在参数统计上的不确定性,对此提出老黏土膨胀敏感性分析方法。结合粗糙集理论分析各因素的敏感性并确立主导因素,进而构建老黏土膨胀性等级的多因素定量评价模型,随后通过响应面法,分析主导因素间参数不确定性的交互作用对评价结果的影响。襄阳城区老黏土研究表明,自由膨胀率和体缩率为影响评价结果的主导与次主导因素,二者参数变化产生的交互作用对膨胀性评价等级影响较显著。当体缩率统计值较大时,随着自由膨胀率的上升,膨胀性评价等级变幅较大,偏大的自由膨胀率将高估老黏土的膨胀性,致使评价过于保守,偏小的自由膨胀率则会对其低估,导致结果较不可信;而当体缩率统计值较小时,评价等级随自由膨胀率的上升变化不大,因此评价结果较为准确。所得结论可为老黏土膨胀性评价与分类工作提供参考。      

峰丛山地的农业发展与生态环境改善途径刍议— — 以贵州省仁怀市峰丛山区为例

半个世纪前的历史地理状况和近50年来生态环境变迁及农业发展过程的调查分析结果表明,黔北峰丛山区的生态环境曾十分良好,小生境类型繁多,农林牧产品种类独特、质量优异,具备林粮牧并举的先天自然条件。但由于自身的生态环境较为脆弱,加之半个世纪来农业发展过程中不合理的资源开发,使生态环境遭到了严重破坏,并不断恶化。本文结合对当地农业资源的优、劣势分析和农业发展(史)与生态环境(变迁)的相互关系分析,提出该区大农业可持续发展和生态环境改善是相辅相成的,其出路是建立特产型生态农业体系。其中农业资源开发的重点是岩溶水和经济价值较高的土特优农林牧产品。