鱼肉液体制曲的工艺条件

研究在鱼鲜酱油的酿制中，采用鱼肉液体制曲提高蛋白利用率并利用制曲过程去除鱼腥味。探讨了制曲温度，制曲时间，种曲添加量对鱼肉液体制曲的影响，分析了液体曲的蛋白酶活力和制曲过程对鱼腥物质三甲胺（TMA）的消除情况。结果表明，制曲温度为40℃，制曲时间为24h，种曲添加量0．4％为最佳制曲条件，此时，液体曲的蛋白酶活力为245Iu/mL，制曲过程对甲胺的去除率可达74．7％。     

奶牛隐性乳房炎发生规律探讨

通过对某奶牛场泌乳牛群隐性乳房炎的调查和分析。研究了奶牛隐性乳房炎的发生规律。结果表明，该场奶牛隐性乳房炎的阳性率为31.42%。乳区临诊阳性率达到10.60%。隐性乳房炎的发生随着胎次和泌乳时间的增加而增加，左乳区阳性率高于右侧，前乳区高于后乳区，在牛群（场）里进行经常性的临床和实验室检验是必要的。     

A CASE STUDY ON CONCENTRATION AND DECENTRALIZATION：BEHAVIOR AND DYNAMIC MECHANISM OF SPATIAL EVOLUTION IN METROPOLITAN AREA，NANJING，CHINA

In rapid socio-economic development,the process of concentration and dispersal of various elements tends to be more dramatic,tremendously influencing the shaping and transformation of the space in metropolitan area.Survey of spatial concentration and decentralization has thus become a basic method in examining metropolitan spatial evolution.In this research,three elements were selected as the essential indicators of the process:demographic density distribu-tion,employment density distribution and business office location.Performance of these elements in Nanjing City was exam-ined historically.As Nanjing City could be regarded as a representative of metropolitan areas in China,its situation large-ly suggestes the general characteristics in similar areas of China.Hence based on the investigation of Nanjing City,four general implications were highlighted.First ,metropolitan areas in China are in a violent process and shift of spatial concentra-tion and decentralization.Second,from now to at least the near future,concentration will continue to be the central fea-ture.Third,the landscape of metropolitan areas basically exhibits a dual structure character.The gap in environmental and ecological qualities among different districts will continue for a long time.Fourth,Central Business District (CBD) is playing an important role in helping to convert the traditionally single-centered city structure into a polycentric one.     

A STUDY ON LAND SYSTEM INNOVATIONS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL TOWNS IN CHINA

The economic development in China and the rising of the living standard need to speed up the urbanisa-tion.The development of small towns is an important way to Chinese urbanization.Land use plays a very important role in the development of small towns.However there are many problems in the development of small towns,esp.in land use.The paper first discusses the land problems in the development of small towns.Such as much cultivated land lies idle,under-utilization and waste of land,increasing illegal use of land,unstable contractural relationship for land use.The relationship between the development of small towns and land use is also studied.Then the guidelines for the land system innovations of small towns are put forward.Namely the sustainability of social and economic development,the bal-ance between land reservation and land utilization,the provision of service to village ,agriculture and farmer,the manage-ment of land resource and land assets,the parsimonious andlegal use of land.The basic framework of land system innova-tions of small towns is put forward finally.It include the land replacement policy for small towns and the permanent tenan-cy of farmland,the overall plan for land uses and other plans in harmony,the establishment of a flexible system of land supplies,using land with payments ,the transfer of agricultural land and refining the land law related to the construction of small towns.     

PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THE FLOODING AND DROUGHT CLAMITY DURING PAST 1500 YEARS IN THE HAI′AN REGION，JIANGSU PROVINCE

Collection and arrangement of the historical records of climatic changes and environment evolution,espectial-lyin the aspect of calamities,are made on the history documents of past 1500 years about Haiˊan region,Jiangsu Province.There existed two obvious flooding-drought frequently-occurring periods:one was from 1550 AD to 1850 AD and another was 100 AD to 1200AD.The period of 1550 AD to1850 AD is interrupted by two relatively arid and cold climatic periods:one was from 1630 AD to 1700 AD and another was 1750 AD to 1820 AD.The main characteristic of the calamity periods is that they occurred by turns,and sometimes,both drought and flooding occurred in the same year.The instability of the climatic changes in the Little Ice Age may be the main reason of the frequently-occurring flooding and drought in Haiˊan region.Research results also show that the frequently-occurring periods of flooding and drought is in close relationship with the solar activity,and therefore,occurrence of the flooding and drought may be in relation with the intensity of the solar activity.This hypothesis may need further study in the future.     

SPATIAL—TEMPORAL VARIATION OF HEAVY METAL ELEMENTS CONTENT IN COVERING SPIL OF RECLAMATION AREA IN FUSHUN COAL MINE

Grid method is employed for sampling covering soil at the test field,which is reclamation area filled by coal mining wastes for cropland in the Fushun coal mine,Liaoning Province,the Northeast China.The soil samples are taken at different locations,including three kinds of covering soil,three different depths of soil layers and four different covering ages of covering soil.The spatial-temporal variation of heavy metal element content in reclamation soil is stud-ied.The results indicate that the content of heavy metal elements is decreasing year after year,the determinant reason why the content of heavy metal elements at 60cm depth layer is higher than that at 30cm depth layer and surface is fertiliz-er and manure application;the metal elements mainly come from external environment;there is no metal pollution coming from mother material (coal mining wastes)in plough layer of covering soil.     

基于虚拟观测值后验方差估计的整周模糊度快速固定方法

利用历元间坐标差信息可以改善模糊度在航快速解算过程中法方程的病态性,从而加快模糊度固定的速度。但是该方法涉及两类不同的观测值(载波相位双差观测值和由历元间坐标差信息导出的虚拟观测值),为合理利用历元间坐标差信息,需要确定这两类观测值的权比。利用方差分量估计方法调节两类观测值的权比,提高模糊度浮点解的精度,从而进一步加快模糊度固定。实验结果表明,采用Helmert方差分量估计方法调整两类观测值的权比,可以进一步提高模糊度在航解算的效率,增强模糊度固定的可靠性。     

复频探地雷达在未爆弹探测中的应用

使用搭载200&400 MHz复合天线的LTD系列探地雷达,对埋设的未爆弹进行探测试验,并运用克希霍夫积分偏移法及三维插值算法对探地雷达数据进行三维成像。试验结果能准确地反映出浅埋未爆弹的位置信息,可指导排爆人员进行精确的开挖及排除。     

潮汐效应对香港地区GPS PPP的影响

选取香港地区12个CORS站数据,研究潮汐效应对该地区GPS精密单点定位的影响。结果显示:1)固体潮对测站位移的影响最大,海潮负荷影响次之,极潮影响最小;固体潮与海潮对测站位移的影响存在明显的半日、周日周期,在香港地区,垂直方向的影响最大分别可达300mm及25mm,极潮的影响基本保持稳定,约为2mm。2)潮汐效应对香港地区测站GPS精密单点定位静态解及动态解结果的影响达cm量级。研究表明,长期连续观测不能完全消除潮汐的影响,因此获取高精度GPS精密定位结果时需顾及固体潮、海潮、极潮的影响。