基于“三生”视角的乡村功能分区及调控——以长株潭地区为例

随着城镇化的快速推进,中国社会经济发展进入转型期,乡村功能发展的多元化和空间分异特征日益明显。以长株潭地区23个县市区为研究地域单元,构建乡村功能评价指标体系及评价模型,揭示长株潭地区“生产—生活—生态”功能分异特征并进行功能分区与调控路径研究。结果表明：① 长株潭地区乡村“三生”功能空间分异特征明显,耕地资源丰富的醴陵市、浏阳市等地区生产功能较强,基础设施较为完善的荷塘区、岳塘区等地区生活功能较强,生态环境较好的茶陵县等地区生态功能较强。② 基于评价结果将研究区共划分为东部平原生产区、中部丘陵生活区、南部山地生态区、中部丘陵生态生活区和北部丘陵生态生产区5种类型功能区,其中东部平原生产区、中部丘陵生活区、南部山地生态区为长株潭地区的三生功能优势发展区,基于“优化主导优势功能、提升中等功能、改善弱势功能”的原则,提出各功能分区的调控路径与发展策略,从而为长株潭地区乡村功能转型发展与主导功能的识别及确定提供理论依据。     

江南丘陵地区乡村聚落地域分异特征研究——以湖南省为例

以江南丘陵湖南地区为研究对象,通过对18个抽样村进行实地走访与问卷调查,从乡村聚落的居住条件、居住设施和乡村居民的生产生活形态等方面,探讨江南丘陵湖南地区乡村聚落空间地域分异特征与规律。研究表明：乡村聚落研究是江南丘陵地区乡村聚落空间布局优化与调控的基础。由于地域范围广泛,区域内的资源禀赋与地域组合、经济发展基础、文化传统等条件差异悬殊,因此江南丘陵湖南地区乡村聚落发展的地域分异规律较为明显,在聚落空间格局（规模、密度、形态）、居住条件（住房面积、住房结构、建筑特色）、居住设施（道路、饮水安全、网络电视开通率等基础与公共服务设施）和生产生活形态等方面呈现出较为显著的盆地-丘陵-低山区、发达-欠发达-落后、近郊-远郊-偏远等地貌、经济、区位梯度差异。     

从巨型城市区域视角审视粤港澳大湾区空间结构

粤港澳大湾区是全球高度城市化地区之一。本文引介巨型城市区域理论来审视粤港澳大湾区的空间结构发展,从边界、功能、核心区、区域基础设施4个维度进行分析。未来粤港澳大湾区将呈现四大发展趋势：一是去边界化趋势显著,大湾区内部边界地区将快速发展;二是产业区将成为网络化的功能区块,并取代城市成为地区参与全球竞争的基本单元;三是广佛、港深两大核心区将形成;四是轨道公交化趋势,大湾区共享交通枢纽与公服设施。按发展趋势预测,未来粤港澳大湾区空间结构将形成“两核+若干功能区”的新格局。     

“一带一路”沿线区域耕地格局变化（英文）

The Belt and Road Initiative(BRI)–a development strategy proposed by China – provides unprecedented opportunities for multi-dimensional communication and cooperation across Asia,Africa and Europe.In this study,we analyse the spatio-temporal changes in cultivated land in the BRI countries(64 in total) to better understand the land use status of China along with its periphery for targeting specific collaboration.We apply FAO statistics and Globe Land30(the world's finest land cover data at a 30-m resolution),and develop three indicator groups(namely quantity,conversion,and utilization degree) for the analysis.The results show that cultivated land area in the BRI region increased 3.73×10~4 km~2 between 2000 and 2010.The increased cultivated land was mainly found in Central and Eastern Europe and Southeast Asia,while the decreased cultivated land was mostly concentrated in China.Russia ranks first with an increase of 1.59×10~4 km~2 cultivated land area,followed by Hungary(0.66×10~4 km~2) and India(0.57×10~4 km`2).China decreased 1.95×10~4 km~2 cultivated land area,followed by Bangladesh(–0.22×10~4 km~2) and Thailand(–0.22×10~4 km~2).Cultivated land was mainly transferred to/from forest,grassland,artificial surfaces and bare land,and transfer types in different regions have different characteristics:while large amount of cultivated land in China was converted to artificial surfaces,considerable forest was converted to cultivated land in Southeast Asia.The increase of multi-cropping index dominated the region except the Central and Eastern Europe,while the increase of fragmentation index was prevailing in the region except for a few South Asian countries.Our results indicate that the negative consequence of cultivated land loss in China might be underestimated by the domestic-focused studies,as none of its close neighbours experienced such obvious cultivated land losses.Nevertheless,the increased cultivated land area in Southeast Asia and the extensive cultivated land use in Ukraine and Russia imply that the regional food production would be greatly improved if China' "Go Out policy" would help those countries to intensify their cultivated land use.     

2000–2050年东北三省土地利用时空格局变化过程模拟及其生态服务影响研究（英文）

Land use and its dynamics have attracted considerable scientific attention for their significant ecological and socioeconomic implications.Many studies have investigated the past changes in land use,but efforts exploring the potential changes in land use and implications under future scenarios are still lacking.Here we simulate the future land use changes and their impacts on ecosystem services in Northeast China(NEC) over the period of 2000–2050 using the CLUE–S(Conversion of Land Use and its Effects at Small regional extent) model under the scenarios of ecological security(ESS),food security(FSS) and comprehensive development(CDS).The model was validated against remote sensing data in 2005.Overall,the accuracy of the CLUE–S model was evaluated at 82.5%.Obtained results show that future cropland changes mainly occur in the Songnen Plain and the Liaohe Plain,forest and grassland changes are concentrated in the southern Lesser Khingan Mountains and the western Changbai Mountains,while the Sanjiang Plain will witness major changes of the wetlands.Our results also show that even though CDS is defined based on the goals of the regional development plan,the ecological service value(ESV) under CDS is RMB 2656.18 billion in 2050.The ESV of CDS is lower compared with the other scenarios.Thus,CDS is not an optimum scenario for eco-environmental protection,especially for the wetlands,which should be given higher priority for future development.The issue of coordination is also critical in future development.The results can help to assist structural adjustments for agriculture and to guide policy interventions in NEC.     

乡村聚落空间优化研究（英文）

Optimizing rural settlements is an important measure to cope with rural decline, and improve the quality of rural life and attractions. This study introduces the "life quality theory". Based on the mechanisms governing the interactions between rural settlement space and life quality, this study examines how to optimize the spatial organization of rural settlements. Three aspects are evaluated – the integration of rural settlement spatial functions, optimization of spatial structure, and regulation of spatial scale – with the objective of building an optimization mode and framework for the spatial organization of rural settlements with high life quality. Our results suggest the following:(1) The settlement is the spatial carrier of life quality, which is an essential settlement component, and these two aspects influence and improve each other. Therefore, reasonable rural settlement space is an important precondition for higher life quality.(2) The spatial function types of rural settlements can be divided into those that maintain livelihoods, develop industry, and upgrade life quality. Optimizing spatial organization of rural settlements based on life quality requires promoting the maintenance of livelihood, integration of industrial development, and implantation in quality improvement.(3) There are two important components of optimizing the spatial organization of rural settlements. One is promoting the organic concentration of living, agricultural, and industrial spaces, the reasonable distribution of social intercourse, recreational, and services spaces, and the organic balance of living, production, and ecological spaces, so as to reasonably optimize the combination of internal spatial types in settlements. The other is forming a functional structure level of a "comprehensive village–featured village" and building spatial organization settlement modes connected by rural roads by relocating and adjusting the function of villages. These changes would require the destruction of underdeveloped villages, retaining normal villages, enlarging important villages, and constructing new villages.(4) As an ideal mode for optimizing rural settlements space based on life quality, the Rural Road-Oriented Development Model(RROD model) should be built at a rational scale for unit settlement and distance between settlements, leading to a fully functional RROD system with rational structure, auxiliary facility, and well-organized distribution.     

浅谈降雪天气观测记录及发报

正1降雪天气的观测和记录降雪时,如果是雪随降随化,那么按照普通降水进行处理,则立即将自动站雨量传感器的承水器进行加盖,并将人工观测降水量的雨量筒和储水瓶取下以便进行承接降雪。由于加盖之前承水器有滞留的降雪,会使自动站有小时降水量出现,在此时间段内自动站降水量应按照缺测处理,并用人工观测的降水量发报,而加盖的时间和操作记录应该详加备注。如果地面的三支温度表被降雪覆盖,那么在降雪停止以后应小心的将温度表从雪中取出来,使温     

湖南一次持续性极端暴雨过程成因分析

利用常规观测、自动站加密雨量资料、NCEP再分析资料,对2017年6月22日~7月2日湖南持续性暴雨过程进行分析。结果表明:暴雨过程可分为强、弱、强三阶段。暴雨是由500hPa北支槽横转竖引导低层冷空气南下,与持续强劲的西南暖湿气流交汇和低层切变线共同触发造成的。西南低空急流为暴雨产生提供了持续的辐合上升运动,急流强度和位置的变化与降雨强度和位置有一定相关性。后期副高西侧东南水汽的加入增强了水汽输送,降水量最大。     

长江流域水文气象预报服务

长江三峡水利枢纽工程,是世界上规模最大的水电站,也是中国有史以来建设最大型的工程项目。上流流域面积大(达100万km^2),天气气候复杂,其径流主要来自降水。     

西方国家老龄化地理研究进展及启示

西方国家老龄化地理研究进展可分为3个阶段。20世纪80年代及以前,研究重点集中在老年人地理集中、老年人健康与环境、为老服务政策研究等;20世纪90年代,研究主要集中于人口老龄化空间趋势、老龄化设施和环境、老年人保健和护理以及基于人文主义视角的老年人个人日常经验分析等;21世纪以来,研究方法呈现多元化,研究内容由传统主题日益转向老年人个体日常现实经验的微观层面研究。最后本文结合中国老龄化地理学研究现状,提出国内相关研究在研究视角、内容和方法上的可借鉴之处。