无线传感器网络室内定位系统的实现

结合嵌入式操作系统TinyOS的通信机制,从定位数据收集和控制命令分发两个方面出发,利用无线传感器网络技术实现了基于接收信号强度的集中式室内定位系统,并考虑了不同定位算法的数据建模问题.最后以三边测量法为例在实际环境中对该系统进行了测试.     

2015年3月9日嵩明MS4.5地震前的电阻率图像异常

<正>自2014年3月以来,我们在云南省嵩明县小新街小江断裂附近(图1a),利用电阻率层析成像技术进行与地震有关的电阻率图像动态变化的监测试验.布设了两条测线:一条横跨小江断裂,长约700m;另一条几乎与小江断裂走向平行,长约1 150m(图1b).大约每两个月观测一次,观测中采用温纳-α装置.所使用的观测仪器为德国DMT公司的RESECS II直流电法仪.观测场地的测试结果表明,该仪器对视     

ULF electromagnetic precursors before the 1999 Jiji, Taiwan, earthquake and the comparison with results of simulating experiments

There are many reports about the abnormal electromagnetic signals observed before great earthquakes. In particular, the signals of electromagnetic anomalies before the Hyogo-Ken Nanbu, Japan, MS=7.2 earthquake on January 17, 1995 (Hayakawa, et al, 1996) and those before the Loma Prieta, USA, MS=7.1 earthquake on October 19, 1989 (Fraser-Smith, et al, 1990) are especially remarkable. However, what the above authors reported are only the phenomena of one or two observatories. In order to …     

ULF electric and magnetic anomalies accompanying the cracking of rock sample

The anomalies of electric-magnetic field and self-potential before earthquakes are important precursory phenom-ena.A simulating experiment study on the variations in ultra-low frequency(ULF)magnetic field and self-poten-tial during rock cracking was carried out in a magnetic field-free space.The results revealing in detail the whole process of the occurrences of electric and magnetic anomalises are significant for understanding the microscopic mechanism of ULF electric and magnetic signals.The experiment indicated that at the initial stage the slow changes in strain.self-potential and magnetic field with small amounts appeared firstly near the source of initial cracking,and then extended as the crack developed on.In the time domain,the self-potential anomaly emerged first and ULF magnetic field changes arose then.The shape of the ULF electric and magnetic anomaly varied ob-viously in early-,mid-and late-term of the test.The authors attributed the pulse-like changes of self-potential to the generationj and movement of the accumulated electric charges during the cracking caused by charge separation on the crack tips within the sample.While the magnetic pulses of shorter-period at the last stage of the test,may be induced by instantaneous electric current of the accumulated charege during the cracking acceleration.The technical method and the observational results of this experiment are given in detail and the microscopic mechanism of elec-tric and magnetic precursors before earthquake are discussd in the present paper as well.     

江宁地电台的电性结构及关于地电阻率观测值的解释

为了探究地表和井下观测的地电阻率值存在的明显差异,本文首先对江宁地电台电性结构进行了探测,并建立了水平层状电性结构模型;然后基于该模型计算了地表和井下观测装置的理论视电阻率值;最后对比分析计算值与观测值。结果表明,地表大供电极距观测装置和井下观测装置的观测值均可以由地下电性结构进行合理解释,即地表与井下观测值的差异是合理的,是由地下电性结构所决定的。      

Resistivity tomography study on samples with water-bearing structure

IntroductionThestudyonthevariationoftheeIectricaIpropertiesofsimulatingsamplesatcertainphysi-calconditionsinthelaboratoryisanimportantmethodtounderstandthecomposition,movementandevolutionofthematerialsintheseismicsourceregionduringseismogenicprocessandisaIsoanimPortantsupplementtothefieldexperimentofeathquakemonitoringbymeansofelectricaImethod.ThepreviouslymadesimuIationexperimentsindicatethatthevalueofapparentresistivityofwatCrsaturatedintactrocksamplesmaydecreaseoneorderofmagnitudebeforefr…     

岩石破裂过程中的超低频电磁异常

震前电磁场和大地自电位的异常是重要的地震前兆现象．在零磁空间对超低频段的磁场和自电位的变化进行了岩石破裂的实验研究,细致地揭示出电场、磁场出现异常变化的全过程,对深入认识超低频电磁信号的微观机理具有重要的意义．实验发现,岩石受力后应变、电位和磁场的缓慢变化在空间分布上是首先在近破裂源处出现,继而随裂纹的发展而改变位置;在时间序列上先出现自电位异常,然后是超低频磁场的变化;在异常形态上,超低频电磁信号呈现出早期、中期、晚期3个阶段的明显差异．研究表明,岩石微破裂引起裂隙尖端处的电荷分离. 静电荷在局部区域的积累和运移,导致了自电位的脉冲状变化;而在主破裂阶段,积累电荷的急速运动形成瞬间电流,激发了脉冲式的磁场异常．本文详细介绍了这一综合实验的技术步骤和观测结果,并对地震电磁前兆的微观机理进行了探讨．     

磁铁矿岩的流变与磁化率各向异性

在高温高压及慢应变率下使磁铁矿岩样品发生了流变。对此过程前后的磁性测试表明,产生了与流变过程相关的磁化率各向异性。进一步研究说明,这种“流变磁效应”,主要是由于岩样内磁性矿物颗粒在流变过程中,由大致等粒形且方向性不明显而转变为扁椭球形且具有了一定优选方位而造成的。地震孕育是在高温、高压及缓慢的时间过程中进行的,因此研究流变带来的物性变化对于地震前兆的认识至关重要。本实验结果从一个新的角度探索地震磁效应,具有理论和实际意义。     

多道直流电测仪配套设备研制与应用

介绍了多道直流电测仪的配套设备，研制了电极—电缆查线器，解决了以往检测电极—电缆线的低效和不准确的弱点；完成了野外使用的高压供电装置，并改进了电极棒。     

岩石破裂过程中电阻率变化机理的探讨

受压岩石在破裂过程中,视电阻率会出现明显的变化,其异常形态与实验条件有很大的关系. 实验中对磁铁石英岩样品施加了单轴压缩,岩石的破裂经反复加载和卸载实现,并在岩样的裂隙中注入了食盐溶液. 在实验的各阶段,对样品的主剖面重建出一系列内部真电阻率分布的图像,揭示了介质内的微细结构,从而探讨了视电阻率变化的原因. 实验发现,岩石中裂隙的存在及所含液体的饱和状态,是岩石在主破裂前控制电阻率变化的两个最重要的因素;低应力状态属常态导电过程,孔隙度的变化是主要因素;高应力状态属裂隙表面导电机制,随着破裂面在岩体内部出现,水和孔隙有了完全贯通的平面,多种导电机制都得以发挥作用. 此外,体导电结构的变化在宏观上表现为各向异性和图样有序性的增强.