贝加尔湖西南部流域地球化学特征及环境意义

位于西伯利亚的贝加尔湖是地球上最古老最深的湖,以其丰富的淡水资源及生物多样性而闻名于世。发源于蒙古的色楞格河补给了湖泊水量的50%以上,全长1204km的色楞格河沿途流经荒漠、草原及森林地带,给贝加尔湖带来了丰富的养分,也在入湖口处形成了面积近700km2的世界最大湖泊三角     

云南程海富营养化过程的碳氧稳定同位素示踪

近500年来程海生物成因碳酸盐δ¹⁸O和δ¹³C及其有机质δ¹³C同位素记录了程海湖泊环境由贫营养到中富营养的演化过程.碳酸盐δ¹⁸O记录显示,大约1690年程海成为封闭湖泊后,当时湖泊贫营养环境并没有发生变化,但造成了湖泊水体交换周期加长,碳酸盐δ¹³C、有机质δ¹³C及其色素含量、碳酸盐含量变化指示湖泊生产力开始增高.1911～1942年碳酸盐δ¹⁸O和δ¹³C及有机质δ¹³C突然显著偏负,表明湖泊生物种群结构发生转变,湖泊初级生产力迅速增加,湖泊由贫营养向中营养转化.湖泊沉积物色素含量及碳酸盐含量变化也记录了这一湖泊环境的转换过程.约1986年以来,随着藻类养殖业及其农业耕作方式的转变,程海水环境渐渐转变成目前的中富营养化状态.     

云南鹤庆古湖晚更新世的孢粉记录及其古气候学意义

本文通过鹤庆古湖沉积物的孢粉记录对该区晚更新世的古植被和古气候进行了恢复。该区末次间冰期和末次冰期内部气候波动性特点与深海氧同位素记录有着较好的可比性,反映在全球变化的背景上,气候的不稳定性同样在本区有明显的响应。而且不同季风区气候资料对比也表明,本区冷湿和暖干的气候组合具有明显的区域特征,末次冰期该区夏季锋面降水增多,而间冰期则与之相反。造成这种区域环境效应的原因,与西南季风区大气环流的复杂性、云贵高原的地貌部位以及由青藏高原地表反照率引起的热力学和动力学过程有关。     

Climatic Signals in the Last 200 Years from Stable Isotope Record in the Shells of Freshwater Snails in Lake Xingcuo,Eastern Tibet Plateau,China

Lake Xingcuo is a small closed,hard-water lake ,situated on eastern Tibet Plateau.Stable isotope data(δ^18O and δ^13C) from the freshwater snail Gyraulus sibirica(Dunker)in a34 cm long,radioactive isotope-dated sediment core represent the last 200 years of Lake Xingcuo environmental history.Carbon and oxygen isotope ratios in the shells of the freshwater snail bear information on the isotopic composition of the water in which the shells were formed ,which in turn characterizes the climatic conditions prevailing during the snail‘s life span.Whole-shell and incremental growth data were collected from modern and fossil shells from Lake Xingcuo.The δ18^O values of modern shells from Lake Xingcuo are in equilibrium with high δ^13CTDIC.By calibrating δ^18O and δ^13C in the shell Gyraulus sibirica(Dunker)with in-strument-measured data for the period 1954-1992,we found that the δ^18O of the snail shells is an efficient indicator to reveal air temperature in the warmer half year instead of that around the whole year,and that there is a certain positive correlation between index δ^18O and the run-ning average temperature in the warmer half-yiar period.Climatic variability on eastern Tibet Plateau,for the last two centuries,has been successfully inferred from the δ^18O record in freshwater snails in the sediments of Lake Xingcuo.As such,the last 200 years of palaeocli-matic record for this region can be separated into three periods representing oscillations between warming and cooling,which are confirmed by the Guliya ice record on the Tibet Plateau.     

青藏高原东部兴措湖近0.2 ka来的气候定量复原

根据青藏高原东部兴措湖沉积物总有机碳和有机碳同位素, 以及腹足类Gyraulus sibirica壳体同位素和微量元素的分析, 并与器测资料对比, 分别建立了壳体氧同位素与夏半年气温、壳体Sr/Ca比与夏半年降水量间的函数关系. 在此基础上, 对研究区近0.2 ka来的气温和降水变化进行了定量恢复. 结果表明(1) 壳体Sr/Ca比与夏半年的降水量呈负相关, 相关系数0.86; (2) 壳体d 18O与夏半年滑动平均气温为正相关, 相关系数0.89; (3) 近0.2 ka来夏半年气温和降水的变化明显存在有3个阶段, 其中19世纪中后期降水量比现代高约220 mm, 夏半年气温比现今低约2°C; 而20世纪最大降温时段降水量比现今低约60 mm, 夏半年气温比现代低约3°C; (4) 近0.05 ka来, 研究区的气候呈现明显的暖干化趋势.     

Quantitative recuperation of climatic sequences for the last 200 years in Xingcuo Lake,eastern Tibetan Plateau

The functional relation between theδ18O values in the shell of gastropod Gyraulus sibirica and the air temperature in the warm half-yearly period, and that between Sr/Ca ratio and the precipitation in the warm half-yearly period were established by calibrating the δ18O and δ13C values, Sr/Ca ratio and Mg/Ca ratio in the shell Gyraulus sibirica, as well as the total organic carbon (TOC) and its δ13C values in the Xingcuo Lake sediment in the eastern Tibetan Plateau. The sequences of air temperature and precipitation in the last 200 years in the region were quantitatively recuperated on this basis. The results showed the following: (i) There was a negative correlativity between Sr/Ca ratio and the precipitation in the warm half-yearly period, its correlation coefficient was 0.86. (ii) There was an obviously positive correlativity between indexδ18O and the running average temperature in the warm half-yearly period, its correlation coefficient was 0.89. (iii) Evolution of the air temperature and the precipitation in the last 200 years can be divided into three phases distinctly. The precipitation in the later mid-19th century was 220 mm higher than that today; the air temperature in the warm half-yearly period was 2℃ lower than that of the present. The precipitation in the minimum air temperature period of the early 20th century was below that today by 60 mm, and the air temperature in the warm half-yearly period was 3.4℃ lower than that today. (iv) An evidently warming and drying trend existed in the last five decades.     

A METHOD TO ESTIMATE PALEOTEMPERATURE FROM ENVIRONMENTAL PROXIES IN LAKE SEDIMENTSDISSOLVED AND PARTICULATE ORGANIC CARBON IN YANTAI SISHILI BAY AQUICULTURE WATERS——A STUDY ON ZOIGE BASIN IN EASTERN TIBETAN PLATEAU,CHINA

ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＴｈｅｐｒｏｘｙｏｆｓｔａｂｌｅｏｘｙｇｅｎｉｓｏｔｏｐｅｉｎｌａｋｅｃａｒｂｏｎａｔｅｉｓｉｄｅａｌｆｏｒｔｈｅｒｅｃｏｎｓｔｒｕｃｔｉｏｎｏｆｐａｓｔｃｌｉ ｍａｔｅ (Ｇａｓｓｅｅｔａｌ.,1 991 ;Ｗｕ ,1 996;Ｚｈａｎｇｅｔａｌ.,1 994 ) .Ａｓｉｄｅｆｒｏｍｂｅｉｎｇｉｍｐａｃｔｅｄｂｙｌａｋｅ ｗａｔｅｒｔｅｍｐｅｒａｔｕｒｅ ,ｔｈｅｖａｌｕｅｏｆδ18Ｏｉｎｌａｋｅｃａｒｂｏｎａｔｅｉｓａｌｓｏｃｏｎｔｒｏｌｌｅｄｂｙｔｈａｔｏｆａｍｂｉｅｎｔｌａｋｅｗａ ｔｅｒ.Ｈｉｇｈ…     

新疆乌伦古湖沉积物粒度特征揭示的环境信息

在放射性同位素210Pb、137Cs定年的基础上,通过对沉积物粒度参数的分析,探讨了近200年来乌伦古湖沉积物粒度敏感组分特征及其环境意义。研究表明,乌伦古湖WL孔沉积物以黏土和细粉砂为主,但在1970 AD前后,粒度参数发生了突变,其中>16 μm组分所占含量迅速升高,在约1830~1842 AD及1910 AD前后这两个时期,沉积物的粒度参数也有较显著的变化。对沉积物粒度频率分布曲线的分析表明,在对应时期内,沉积物的搬运介质或搬运动力发生了变化。基于此,首先通过粒径-标准偏差方法提取了粒度中的敏感组分C2（7~25 μm）,进而通过粒度敏感组分与器测气象数据的相关性分析,明确了组分C2含量的环境指示意义。结果表明,组分C2含量的大小与研究区冬、春季温度和冬季降水量大小有关,反映了积雪融水入湖的强度。在约1830~1842 AD、1910 AD前后,组分C2含量偏高,反映入湖水量较大、湖泊水位较高。而20世纪60年代到70年代,沉积物粒度参数的显著变化与流域人类活动的影响有关。     

青藏高原东北部末次间冰期以来的古气候──以若尔盖盆地RM孔分析为例

于１９９３年在青藏高原东北部若尔盖盆地沉积中心钻取一长３１０ｍ的湖泊岩芯,对其上部３１ｍ的湖泊沉积物进行了年代测定以及自生碳酸盐氧同位素,有机碳氮分析,重建了１４万ａ来的古气候演化过程,基本上可以区分出５个阶段。结果表明,５阶段（１４０－８０ｋａＢ．Ｐ）气候温暖湿润,内部又可区分出５ａ－５ｅ,４阶段（８０－６０ｋａＢ．Ｐ）气候以冷干为主;３阶段为相对湿湿期,降水丰富,流域径流量较大;３０ｋａＢ．Ｐ