东北太平洋辐合异常对西太平洋副高异常影响的数值试验

用一个5层原始方程数值模式,对西太平洋副热带高压异常进退的一种可能机制进行了数值试验。试验表明,东太平洋副高的异常增强能通过激发扰动西传引起西太平洋副高加强西进控制中国大陆东南部地区。     

Winter season stratospheric circulation in the SAMIL/LASG general circulation model

In this paper, we examine the performance of the 26-level version of the SAMIL/LASG GCM (R42/L26) in simulating the seasonal cycle and perpetual winter mean stratospheric circulation as well as its variability by comparing them with the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis. The results show that the model is capable of reproducing many key features of the climatology and seasonal variation of the stratospheric circulation despite that the model’s mean polar vortex is stronger and more zonally symmetric compared to the obse...     

积云对流参数化方案对大气含水量及降水的影响

中国科学院大气物理研究所大气科学和地球流体力学数值模拟国家重点实验室所发展的高分辨率全球大气环流谱模式SAMIL, 自从发展成R42L26新版本之后, 显示出对全球气候基本态的模拟能力, 但模式对流层低层以及热带地区整层偏干, 且对热带地区的降水模拟存在“双赤道辐合带”这一普遍误差, 在赤道地区以及北半球中纬度降水偏少, 而在拉丁美洲降水偏多。敏感性试验表明这些误差是相互联系的。通过将700 hPa以下的相对湿度趋近于“观测资料”的试验显示模拟的降水误差减小了。据此, 对Tiedtke 积云对流参数化方案中的浅对流部分进行修改, 增加了浅对流的侧向混合的卷入以及卷出率, 并减小了对流方案中的云水[CD*2]雨水的转换率, 将其耦合到模式中。积分结果表明, 修改后的方案明显改进了湿度和温度场的模拟, 对降水的模拟能力有了很大的提高, 基本消除了“双赤道辐合带”现象。     

WAVE-MEAN FLOW INTERACTION AND FORMATION OF BLOCKING——PERSISTENT ANOMALOUS WEATHER IN CHINA IN THE SUMMER OF 1980

In the summer of 1980,serious persistent abnormal weather occurred over vast areas in China.While record-break-ing cold and flood were observed in the reaches of the Changjiang and Huaihe Rivers,severe hot wave and drought dom-inated the entire northern China.The long-lasting disastrous weather is mainly due to the stable development and main-tenance of blocking anticyclone over the northeastern Asia.This study aims at the understanding of the roles oftime-varying weather system transport in the formation of the blocking.It was shown that during this period,there appeared continuous generation of synoptic-scale perturbations alongthe strong baroclinic zone over Europe and the western Asia.While such perturbations propagated eastward,energyconversion occurred.At equivalent barotropic layer,with weak dissipation,such energy conversion was subjected to theso-called bi-directional principle:while the energy of the synoptic-scale system cascaded to smaller scale system,amuch larger portion was transferred to the blocking system with larger scale.Potential vorticity diagnoses also revealedthat the transient weather systems played the roles of maintaining the mean anticyclonic vorticity to the south,and meancyclonic vorticity to the north,of the westerly jet,and exciting strong anticyclonic vorticity growth and correspondinggeopotential height increase in high latitude area downstream of the westerly diffluence region.The research also showed that,the intensity of the forcing of the blocking formation via wave-mean flowinteraction in this Asian case was much stronger than that occurring in the western Europe in the summer of 1976.It wastherefore concluded that when persistent abnormal weather in the northern China was studied,in addition to thesubtropical weather systems,attention should also be drawn to the development of baroclinic zone over Europe and thewestern Asia,and the propagation and transfer properties of the synoptic systems embedded in the baroclinic zone.     

海气相互作用研究进展——美国海-气相互作用第九届学术会内容简介

海气相互作用研究进展——美国海－气相互作用第九届学术会内容简介吴国雄（中国科学院大气物理研究所ＬＡＳＧ①,北京１０００８０）海气相互作用不仅影响着风暴、气旋等短期天气过程,还影响着季风、大气涛动以及年代际变化等气候过程。ＡＭＳ第７８届年会期间举办了第...     

球面长波模式的设计和应用

本文介绍一两层准地转的球面长波谱模式(LWM)。它包括非绝热加热、地表摩擦和山脉分布。试验表明,由于引进瞬变涡旋输送特征参数化,LWM较低阶谱模式(LOM)有显著改进。它除具有LOM经济简明的优点外,还更合理地描述大气的能量循环和角动量平衡,更准确地模拟纬向西风和定常波。因而适于理论研究和数值模拟。     

IAP/LASG全球海-陆-气耦合系统模式的纬向平均大气气候态分析

分海洋和陆地两种情况来讨论IAP／LASG全球海－陆－气耦合系统模式（GOALS）四个版本的结果，并与观测资料进行对比分析，一些重要的大气变量包括表面空气温度，海平面气压和降水率用来评估GOALS模式模拟当代气候和气候变率的能力，总的来说，GOALS模式的四个版本都能够合理地再现观测到的平均气候态和季节变化的主要特征，同时评估也揭示了模式的一些缺陷，可以清楚地看到模拟的全球平均海平面气压的主要误差是在陆地上，陆地上表面空气温度模拟偏高主要是由于陆南过程的影响，值得注意的是降水率模拟偏低主要是在海洋上，而中高纬的陆地降水在北半球冬天却比观测偏高。通过模式不同版本之间的相互比较研究，可以发现模式中太阳辐射日变化物理过程的引入明显地改善了表面空气温度的模拟，尤其是在中低纬度的陆地上，太阳辐射日变化的引入对热带陆地的降水和中高纬度的冬季降水也有较大改进。而且，由于使用了逐日通量距平交换方案（DFA），GOALS模式新版本模拟的海洋上的温度变率在中低纬度有了改善。比较观测和模拟的年平均表面空气温度的标准度，可以发现GOALS模式四个版本都低估了海洋和陆地上的温度变率，中还对影响观测和模拟温度变率差异的可能原因进行了探讨。     

青藏高原低涡形成、发展和东移影响下游暴雨天气个例的位涡分析

2016年6月28日至7月1日在我国副热带地区发生了一次青藏高原低涡形成、发展及东传引发长江中下游地区暴雨天气的过程。本文利用MERRA2（Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications）再分析资料和TRMM（Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission）降水资料对该过程进行位涡诊断分析。结果表明，夏季青藏高原地表加热具有强烈的日变化。高原地表加热由白天感热加热源到夜间辐射冷却源的转变直接影响高原上空非绝热加热率的垂直梯度，使高原近地层白天有位涡耗散，夜间有位涡制造，呈现明显的昼夜循环。当夜间的位涡制造异常强，以至不为白天的耗散所抵消时，通常位涡制造的昼夜循环被破坏，高原低涡形成，低涡周围随之出现降水。当低涡中心移动至高原东部时，中心附近伴随有强烈的降水，显著的凝结潜热加热使位涡中心增强，高原低涡进一步发展。随着低涡系统继续向东移出高原，长江中下游地区中高层出现位涡平流随高度增加的大尺度动力背景，上升运动发展，最终导致强降水发生。     

海陆分布对海气相互作用的调控和副热带高压的形成

首先回顾了近年来关于副热带高压形成和变异研究的若干动力学进展,阐明夏季副热带“四叶型”LOS-ECOD加热分布型的内涵。在此基础上研究海陆分布对海气相互作用的调控,揭示了“四叶型”加热形成的物理基础,并进一步阐明“四叶型”加热拼图及其与副热带高压形成和变异的联系。 文章还回顾了关于副热带高压中短期变异的动力研究的最新进展。给出了影响中国江淮流域持续性降水的副热带高压三维结构的空间分布型;指出东西风带扰动的传播和高／低纬扰动的正压发展是影响副热带高压变异和中国夏季降水的一种可能机制,最后证明青藏高原夏季的强加热能激发纬向非对称不稳定发展,产生南亚高压的东／西部型双模态及准双周振荡。还证明初夏低纬的强对流降水／台风也能激发纬向非对称不稳定发展,影响西太平洋副热带高压异常和中国淮河流域的持续性降水。     

STRUCTURAL AND EVOLUTION CHARACTERISTICS OF THE EASTERLY VORTEX OVER THE TROPICAL REGION

By employing the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data sets (1000-10hPa, 2.5°×2.5°), the characteristics have been analyzed of the structure and evolution of an easterly vortex over the tropical upper troposphere relating to the east-west direction shift of the subtropical anticyclone over the Western Pacific Ocean. It is shown that there exists a westward shift simultaneously between the anticyclone and the vortex locating south of it. The anticyclone retreats eastward abnormally while the easterly encounters with the westerly around the same longitudes as they move from the opposite directions. The former is an upper weather system, extending from mid-troposphere to the height of 50 hPa with the center locating on 200 hPa.The vertical thermal distribution illustrates the characteristics of being "warm in the upper layer but cold in the lower layer". The divergence effect and the vertical motion change largely within the east and west sides of the easterly vortex and ascending branch transforms to descending branch near its center.