东天山板块缝合区(带)的构造演化与多金属矿床成矿的关系

研究表明位于康古尔断裂和阿齐克库都克断裂之间的东天山板块缝合(区)带经历了4个阶段的演化过程, 即泥盆纪吐哈古大洋形成、早石炭世俯冲造山、晚石炭世碰撞造山以及二叠纪造山期后缝合带的进一步变形.自北而南划分为4个构造带, 共同组成了一个向下收敛的楔状缝合区(带).东天山的矿产严格受构造控制, 相应地从北向南分布有前缘推覆带斑岩型铜矿床→蛇绿混杂岩带铜(镍)硫化物矿床和韧性剪切带型金矿床→叠瓦岩片带矽卡岩型铜多金属矿床→热液型金矿床.这些类型的矿床集结成东天山地区4条大的成矿带: 康古尔断裂以北铜矿带, 金、铜镍硫化物矿床成矿带(北带), 阿齐山-雅满苏铁(铜)、银多金属成矿带(南带)和中天山地块铁、铅锌、银成矿带.      

古尔班通古特沙漠植被与环境关系分析

The Gurbantunggut Desert is the largest stable and semi-stable sand desert in China, yet few data exist on vegetation pattern and species-environment relationships for these diverse desert landscapes. The sand dunes of the survey area are mainly of the longi- tudinal form from north to south, but checkerboard-shaped and honeycomb-shaped forms are also present, with the height of 10-50 m. We measured vegetation and soil data on north-south transects and compared them with vegetation and soil data on east-west transects. Analysis revealed that the varying trend and strength of the species diversity, dominance and cover of the plant communities in the longitudinal and transverse directions across the landscape are significantly different. The results of CCA ordination show that the microhabitats of soil organic matter （OM）, soil salts （TS）, sorting index （ σ ）, topsoil water-content （SM） and pH relate to the differences in vegetation observed as differences in species assemblage from salt-intolerant ephemerals, micro-subshrubs and subshrubs to salt-tolerant shrubs and micro-arbors. The terrain （alt.） and soil texture （the contents of Mz and Ф 1） affect the spatial differentiation of many species. However, this spatial differentiation is not so marked on transects running longitudinally with the landscape, in the same direction as the dunes. The species of the desert vegetation have formed three assemblages under the action of habitat gradients, relating to three sections running transversely across the landscape, at right angles to the direction of the dune crests. In the mid-east section of the study area the topography is higher, with sand-lands or dune-slopes with coarse particles. Here the dominant vegetation comprises shrubs and subshrubs of Seriphidium santofium and Ephedra distachya, with large numbers of ephemeral and ephemeroid plants of Senecio subdentatus, and Carex physodes in spring and summer. On the soil of the dune-slopes in the mid-west of the study area, with coarse partic     

Damage and recovery of the Gurbantunggut Desert vegeta-tion following engineering activities

The fragile ecological environment of the Gurbantunggut Desert is damaged/disturbedby human activities relating to the development of oil-gas resources and the constructions of de-sert road and great engineering in the Jungger Basin. It was mainly represented: soil compaction,vegetation cleaning, burial of vegetation, oil polluting, and soil disturbance. With investigation andexperiment, we found that when the way and intensity of engineering activities disturbing theeco-environment does not make its ecological stability disintegrated, the desert vegetation has acapacity of natural recovery. To speed and strengthen the process of vegetation recovery efficientassistant measurements, including stabilizing mobile sands promptly and sowing seeds of shruband herb plants in good time will be needed.     

新疆准噶尔盆地边缘部分地段生态环境特征

新疆准噶尔盆地边缘部分地段降水少，蒸发量大，干旱多风，土壤肥力低和盐碱化较强，自然条件比较恶劣。但不同地貌单元自然条件又不尽相同，特别是土壤质地、盐分和养分的差异，导致植物群落发生相应变化。在水资源严重匮乏的情况下，植被整体呈现出群落组成简单、优势度高、多样性和覆盖度较低等特征。它们所构成的生态环境非常脆弱，敏感性很高，在水土开发和重大工程建设时必须充分注意这些特点。     

东天山企鹅山群火山岩地球化学特征及其地质意义

根据主量元素、微量元素和Sr-Nd同位素地球化学研究结果,觉罗塔格构造带中企鹅山群火山岩企鹅山群火山岩分为拉斑玄武岩和钙碱性玄武岩,拉斑玄武岩和钙碱性玄武岩均具有高铝、低钛和相对富集轻稀土元素（LREE）、大离子亲石元素的特征,与典型的岛弧玄武岩相似。钙碱性玄武岩具有显著的Eu的负异常,其不相容元素含量显著高于拉斑玄武岩,在La/Sm-La图解中,钙碱性玄武岩为结晶分异作用的产物,拉斑玄武岩则为平衡部分熔融的产物。Sr-Nd同位素特征表明企鹅山群火山岩源自亏损地幔。在玄武岩构造环境判别图中样品均落入岛弧玄武岩范围内。通过综合该区岩石组合特征、地球化学特征、地球物理特征,认为企鹅山群为康古尔洋壳向北俯冲在大南湖岛弧南侧形成的石炭纪岛弧火山岩。     

地理信息系统在东天山土屋——延东地区铜矿预测中的应用

以东天山土屋-延东斑岩铜矿床找矿预测为例,首次应用地理信息系统(GIS),查明该区地质和地球化学的找矿标志。在各类异常找矿有利度分析的基础上,确定了用于预测找矿有利地段的异常组合,即Ag、Cu、Au、Mo等元素含量异常的叠加,以及数值区间的界线,并根据异常含量均值和方差的关系((?) 2δ,(?) δ,(?))将预测区分为3个级别的异常地段。结合含矿地层、控矿构造和成矿母岩-岩浆岩等有利成矿因素空间分布的特征,最终圈定出找矿可行地段、找矿有利地段及潜在资源地段,并对东天山土屋-延东斑岩铜矿区的远景矿体地段进行了预测。     

新疆东天山土屋铜矿床形成和保存的古地理环境

对比分析东天山土屋铜矿成矿时的大地构造条件及与之伴生的火山岩岩石组合和沉积建造,认为该矿床在泥盆纪至石炭纪中期形成于古亚洲洋北部边缘岛弧带的古地理环境。用偏度(Sk)和峰度(Ku)对成矿物质Cu、Au、Ag、Mo等在矿体和不含矿岩体中的含量分布状态进行检验,结果表明该矿床在漫长的形成过程中由来自洋壳重熔岩浆 复杂成因气液流体的矿质多次叠加而成。综合分析成矿后矿区及周边地区发育的沉积岩岩性、岩相和所含化石组合及其它相关资料,推断出石炭纪晚期至侏罗纪早期矿区地貌为遭受剥蚀的山地,矿体在这个时段末期出露于地表。此后东天山的差异性升降和晚侏罗世以来干旱的古气候背景,以及自晚白垩世起该区隆升十分缓慢,远低于2.9×10-2mm/a的速率,终使土屋大型铜矿床保存至今。     

古尔班通古特沙漠南部风沙土性状在沙垄尺度上的空间变异

在新疆古尔班通古特沙漠南部纵向沙垄上,按5 m×5 m的网格采集浅层风沙土组合样品184件,调查植被样方100个,并测试了风沙土质地、pH、盐分、含水量、全N含量和有机质含量等理化性状。研究发现:受沙垄地貌和植被格局的影响,风沙土性状具有中等到强烈的空间相关性,空间依赖范围(变程)介于21.3~74.8m,大致对应着单一沙垄宽度或垄间地-沙垄-垄间地的地貌单元宽度。利用地统计分析求得不同取样尺度上的分维D。风沙土质地(粒径、平均粒径、分选系数)和盐分(电导率)及养分(有机质和全N含量)在0~40m的取样间隔下,D较大,空间变异程度基本处于中高水平;在90~150m的取样间隔下,D骤减,空间异质性大大增强。风沙土含水量的空间变异强度曲线为几段式形态,并且分维依次递减。     

新疆巴里坤东部几类主要土壤的地球化学特征

分析巴里坤盆地东部主要的及具代表性的几类土壤,如栗钙土、淡栗钙土、淡棕钙土和石灰性草甸土常量化学成分和某些微量元素含量,并与周边山地基岩及湖积物化学成分对比,发现这些土壤经历了由山地基岩→坡积、冲洪积物/湖积物→土壤的演化过程。在较干旱的环境及生物、化学作用影响下,土壤对基岩/母质在化学成分上既表现出一定的继承性,又有一定变异性。该地区栗钙土常量元素含量最接近山地基岩平均值。淡栗钙土和淡棕钙土则和基岩有较大差异,并分别以富含CaCO3和SiO2为特征。石灰性草甸土与其它土壤显著不同,其富CaCO3,贫TFe,并且Fe3 /Fe2 <<1。土壤中某些微量元素与中国/世界土壤平均水平相比,有益元素P、Cr、zn大致持平,有害元素As、Pb明显偏高。这种成分特征是在基岩化学成分背景上相关元素贫化或富集作用的结果。     

准噶尔南部沙尘暴发生的地表条件研究

准噶尔南部可分出沙尘暴源区、易发区和少发区(或罕见区)三类,它们包括植被状况、土壤理化性质在内的地表条件存在差异。以植被盖度、植物群落多样性和土壤表层水分为变量,在费歇(Fisher)准则下建立起源区和少发区地表特征的判别函数R=-0．0576x1-0．1345x2-0.0695x2,并确定了两者划分的阈值R0=-10．07。在此基础上,对易发区地表条件的类型归属进行判别。最终查明影响沙尘暴发生的地表条件主要是植被状况,其中最为重要的是植物群落的多样性。