中国市域间日常人口流动特征及影响因素

基于腾讯位置大数据,分析了2015—2018年中国368个城市间人口流动的空间格局,并基于指数随机图模型（ERGM）识别了与人口流入、流出相关的影响因素。研究发现：① 人口流动的空间分布格局相对稳定,形成了以京、深、沪、穗、蓉、莞为“中枢”的菱形空间结构。② 通过社区划分得到的城市子群结构表明,社区间呈现明显的地理临近和省际分异特征,既形成了以省会城市为核心、受省界制约明显的中心–腹地结构的小型城市子群,也形成了跨越省界的多中心结构的大型城市子群,但大部分城市以省界为主要流动圈层,省域内人口流动更为密切。③ ERGM模型确定的人口流入、流出网络影响因素与新古典经济学理论相一致,人口规模、城市化水平、时间成本、经济成本等市场因素和经济因素在人口流动中仍然具有主导性作用。④ 城市对外来人口的吸引力更大程度上取决于自身的属性特征,而城市人口外流更依赖于外部网络关联要素,一定程度上验证了推拉理论中城市“拉力”的主导力量,以及各类距离因素的综合作用。     

旧石器时代至商周时期贵州遗址空间分布及其自然环境背景(英文)

This study presents an analysis of the spatial-temporal distribution of 230 archaeological sites in Guizhou Province, Southwest China for three selected time periods from the Paleolithic Age to the Shang-Zhou Dynasties. The relationship between archaeological sites distribution and environmental changes is also discussed based on paleo-environmental proxies of δ18O and δ13C recorded in stalagmites from Southwest China. The results show that: in the Paleolithic Age(260–10 ka BP), archaeological sites were concentrated in the central, northwestern and southwestern parts of Guizhou, where the high-altitudinal karst landforms with many natural caves suitable for human habitation are developed. In the Neolithic Age(10–3.6 ka BP), most of human settlements were concentrated in the central, northwestern and southwestern parts, while, a fewer sites were found on river terraces in the southern and eastern parts, and the intermontane basins in the central and western Guizhou. During the Shang-Zhou Dynasties(3.6–2.2 ka BP), the sites were mainly distributed in the intermontane basins and on river terraces, which were suitable for primitive aerial farming. The analysis of paleo-environmental proxies of δ18O and δ13C since 260 ka BP suggested that climate fluctuations had little impact on human settlements in this study area. The distinct physical environment, especially the spatial patterns of karst landforms and arable land played an important role in the archaeological sites distribution of Guizhou.     

全新世浙江地区气候变化对史前文化的影响(英文)

The temporal-spatial distribution features of prehistoric cultures since the Holocene in Zhejiang region were comparatively analyzed based on GIS spatial analysis. Results show that the prehistoric cultures expanded gradually in this region before 4000 cal. a BP. The notable expansions occurred twice, one in the Majiabang-Hemudu cultural period, the other in the Liangzhu cultural period. Meanwhile, the prehistoric cultures were disseminated from west to east coast along river valleys. After 4000 cal. a BP, as represented by the Maqiao Culture, the distributed area of each prehistoric culture contracted. This is obviously due to the termination of spreading trends to east coast, which was simultaneously accompanied by two different modes of production and economic transitions in the north and south Zhejiang region respectively. The distribution of prehistoric cultures was closely related with Holocene sea-level fluctuations, especially on the banks of Hangzhou Bay, where the distribution changes of prehistoric cultural sites were greatly affected by sea-level changes, with the closest relationships between them. After 7000 cal. a BP, the process of lowered sea-level and regression-epeirogenesis provided wider terrestrial living spaces for prehistoric inhabitants. Based on the comparative analyses of the changes of prehistoric cultures and the environmental evolution information recorded in the Qianmutian subalpine peat of Mt. Tianmu and muddy area on the inner shelf of the East China Sea, it is indicated that the changes of prehistoric cultures were synchronized with environmental changes in Zhejiang region. Before 4000 cal. a BP, the eastward expansion of prehistoric cultures in Zhejiang occurred under the background of the Holocene Optimum, and was the expansion and extension under the joint influences of agricultural civilization and maritime civilization. However, after 4000 cal. a BP, the geographical contraction of prehistoric cultures in Zhejiang occurred under the back-ground of dry-cold climate trend and deterioration of coastal marine environment. It is evidenced from the above fact that the development, expansion and contraction of prehistoric cultures are positively correlated to environmental change. The change of the climatic environment is just the underlying reason for these changes and transitions of production modes and economic forms. Therefore, the climatic environment is the dominant factor of prehistoric culture vicissitudes in Zhejiang region, which has exerted great influence on distribution, dissemination, expansion and transmutation of the culture.     

闻喜县隆昌洼铁矿地质特征

通过对隆昌洼铁矿的成矿地质背景、矿体特征等的综合分析及研究,认为铁矿体主要位于黑云斜长角闪岩与二长花岗片麻岩的内接触带中,矿床成因类型为岩浆分异型铁矿床,工业类型为需进行选矿的铁矿石。对铁矿成因及围岩蚀变等找矿标志的研究,为该区找寻同类型铁矿具有重要指导意义。     

4­‐­甲基甾烷在油源对比中的应用--以渤南洼陷北部陡坡带为例

同一洼陷不同次洼的烃源岩及生成的原油,由于古气候、古沉积环境较为相似,其常规生物标志化合物和同位素特征差别非常小,给油源分析带来困难。通过GC-MS分析提取原油和烃源岩中分子化石信息,主要依据4 甲基甾烷的相对含量和不同构型的4 甲基甾烷的分布特征来进行油源对比,为类似地区的油源分析提供了一种新思路。渤南洼陷发育Es4s和Es3x两套主力烃源岩,中部次洼、西部次洼和渤南深洼Es3x烃源岩的4 甲基甾烷/C29甾烷值分别为4.51、2.79、1.27,是由于烃源岩中沟鞭藻有机质占总有机质的比例不同所造成。不同地区原油C20、C21、C23三环萜烷和ααα20RC27、C28、C29规则甾烷等特征非常相似,成熟度相当,中、西、东三个地区原油的4 甲基甾烷/C29甾烷值分别为2.89,2.39和2.06,区别明显,各个地区4 甲基甾烷的构型也不同。对比结果表明,渤南洼陷北部陡坡带Es4s和Es3x油气均为近源成藏,主要来源于其临近次洼的Es3x烃源岩。     

油气耗散作用及其成岩成矿效应: 进展、认识与展望

油气生成后发生运移,在途经的围岩环境中发生流—岩相互作用而损耗,以及分散于地下或暴露地表而损失,这一过程即为油气耗散。油气耗散主要特点为流—岩地质作用,在这一过程中将产生系列成岩蚀变,如氧化砂岩的绿色化、白色化,以及局部碳酸盐化等;导致一些成矿效应,如铀矿化、高岭土化等。从而在沉积盆地中构成有机与无机、金属与非金属矿产同存共荣于一盆,此即为沉积盆地成藏(矿)系统。因而油气耗散作用内容属于交叉学科方向,目前仅在鄂尔多斯盆地得到初步研究。在油气耗散成岩及成矿作用过程中,部分微量元素、有机地球化学参数、以及碳、氢、氧、硫、硅等稳定同位素可表现出一定的标志性特征。这在目前"油气—铀溶液—砂岩"相互作用模拟实验中也已得到初步的证实。当前,沉积盆地中油气耗散方向与规模、成岩与成矿效应的地球化学作用机理、有机—无机(如烃源岩—铀等无机元素)作用效应及对相关资源评价的影响、多种能源综合协同预测与勘探等方面是未来油气耗散作用学科领域的主要发展方向。     

埃洛石的命名、结构、形貌和卷曲机制

埃洛石作为一种典型的高岭石族矿物,大部分情况下呈现出管状形貌,近年来已被广泛用作缓释容器、催化剂载体、有机聚合物填充材料、储氢材料和纳米材料模板等,具有重要的应用价值。对埃洛石微观化学信息的研究,不仅有助于理解埃洛石地质成因、掌握埃洛石结构细节,还有助于提高埃洛石使用性能、拓宽其应用范围。本文针对埃洛石的结构、形貌和发生卷曲的机理等进行了详细介绍;此外,鉴于长期以来埃洛石名称的混乱状态,本文还对其命名历史进行必要综述。在此基础上,给出埃洛石的中文建议名称,提出目前结构研究中存在的一些问题,并对未来的研究方向进行了展望。     

高密度3D3C资料多域分步噪声压制技术的应用

针对高密度宽方位3D3C地震资料处理要求,考虑有效信号与噪声在类型、时间、频率、数据域、处理步骤、地表区域等方面存在的差异,选择多域分步去噪策略,在不损害有效信号的前提下,首先使用十字排列锥形滤波去除面波、线性噪声,然后采用低频噪声编辑去除残余面波及低频噪声,接着进行分频去噪来去除各类随机噪声,最后去除折射波。从单炮记录和叠加剖面的监控显示上都证明了该方法的有效性,资料信噪比也得到提高。     

青藏工程走廊典型热融灾害现象及其热影响研究

在全球变暖及人类工程活动的影响下,青藏工程走廊内的热融灾害普遍发育。研究走廊内各类热融灾害的发育现状及其对多年冻土的热影响对今后的工程规划和冻土环境保护具有一定的指导意义。本文通过大量的野外调查工作,总结了走廊内热融灾害的类型及其发育现状,并选取3种典型热融灾害进行现场地温监测,分析其对多年冻土的热影响方式和程度。研究结果表明:3种热融灾害对其发育区域及附近的多年冻土都产生了巨大的热影响,热融滑塌和热融沟主要影响浅层的地温状况,而热融湖塘的影响范围更大,其发育甚至会导致湖塘下部形成多年融区。此外,侧向热流计算结果表明,3种热融灾害全年都在向其周边的多年冻土放热,通过对比发现热融湖塘的侧向热侵蚀能力最强,其次是热融沟,侧向热侵蚀最小的是热融滑塌。