阿德雷企鹅声信号特征初步研究

企鹅是南极生物的代表,约有1.2亿只,其中阿德雷企鹅的种群最大,约占其总数量的1／3,主要分布在南极大陆东部和南极半岛及其沿岸岛屿。 南极鸟类发出的声信号是它们集群、行动、繁殖、辨认配偶及幼子、抚育后代和防御外来侵害保卫自己的重要功能之一。中外学者分别对南极某些鸟类的生态行为和发声信号进行了研究,并取得较好的研究成果(Taylor et al.,1990;张春光等,1991;程明华等,1992,1993;Kerry et al,1993)。但有关企鹅在不同生态行为下发声信号的研究却较     

辐射应力在黄河三角洲近岸波浪和潮汐风暴潮相互作用中的影响

基于考虑辐射应力机制的近岸高分辨率的波浪和潮汐风暴潮相互作用耦合数值模式 ,研究了辐射应力在黄河三角洲胜利油田近岸海域波浪和潮汐风暴潮相互作用过程中对水位的影响 ,并与两个中等强度天气过程引发的实测水位过程进行比较。结果表明 ,考虑辐射应力机制的波浪和潮汐风暴潮相互作用耦合模式模拟的结果与实测更接近 ,特别在极值增水位处吻合很好。对本研究的中等强度天气过程 ,辐射应力可增水 40cm ,在黄河三角洲近岸区有 2 0cm以上最大增水区域 ,这在工程上非常重要。可以预见 ,对引发黄河三角洲沿岸强增水的台风及强寒潮过程 ,辐射应力对增水的影响会更明显。本研究结果表明 ,在实际工程应用中 ,应采用波浪和潮汐风暴潮相互作用耦合数值模式。     

三参量的风浪频谱

本文基于风浪由单色波发展为充分成长状态的物理背景,阐明了一种描述谱形变化的谱宽度参量,进而确立了三参量风浪频谱的理论形式。在传统谱形的基础上,通过谱宽度参量的引入而建立了随成长状态变化的形式更为普遍的风浪频谱,在此频谱中不仅包括Neumann谱、P-M谱、JONSWAP谱、Wallops谱等重要的风浪频谱,而且还在谱的高频部分比例于频率的-4次方的假定下,导出另外一种风浪频谱。同时本文还为构造新谱提供了一种方法。     

三阶海浪波高分布及其应用

在三阶海浪非线性波高分布模式的基础上，引进描述分布函数结构形式的重要统计量，即概率分布的离差系数与偏差系数。给出这两个统计量与非线性控制参数之间的解析关系式，从而给出了反映风浪不同状态下的波高分布特征。与传统的瑞利分布相比，本文的结果有更广泛的实用意义。并把理论结果应用于黄河口波浪统计学的研究。     

初始化方案对有限区域海面风场数值预报模式的影响

在一个已应用于海洋要素预报的有限区域海面风场预报模式的基础上,以渤海海域为实验海区,研究初始化方案对有限区域海面风场数值预报模式的影响。对“未采用初始化”与“采用初始化”方法进行了预报实验比较,结果表明,初始化方法对有限区域海面风场模式作用明显,尤其是海面风场的开始阶段,主要体现在海风与陆风预报能力的差异上。     

Multi-scale wavelet analysis of TOPEX/Poseidon altimeter significant wave height in eastern China seas

The multi-scale characteristics of wave significant height (Hss) in eastern China seas were revealed by multi-scale wavelet analysis. In order to understand the relation between wave and wind, the TOPEX/Poseidon measurements of Hs and wind speed were analyzed. The result showed that Hs and wind speed change in multi-scale at one-, two-month, half-, one- and two-year cycles. But in a larger time scale, the variations in Hs and wind speed are different. Hs has a five-year cycle similar to the cycle of ENSO variation, while the wind speed has no such cycle. In the time domain, the correlation between Hs and ENSO is unclear.     

改进BP算法在风暴潮极值水位预报中的应用

提出1种基于改进BP算法的风暴潮极值水位预报方法。首先针对现有人工神经网络BP算法存在的缺陷,引入Cauchy训练方法计算连接权的调整,解决BP算法的局部极小点和网络瘫痪的问题。然后结合山东海区水文观测站每年的台风风暴潮资料,应用该改进算法建立台风强度、风速和台风移速与风暴潮极值水位的非线性网络预报模型,对该站极值水位进行预报。实验结果表明,该算法具有很好的稳定性和准确性,为风暴潮预报分析提供了1种可靠的技术手段。     

Surface circulation derived from drifting buoys in mid- and low-latitude Pacific

1 INTRODUCTION Measuring the velocity of ocean currents is one of the most important tasks in physical oceanography research. Many centuries ago, mariners had begun to obtain the sea surface cur- rents from vessel drift records. As early as in 1870s instr…     

Interpretation of sea surface wind interannual vector EOFs over the China seas

Using interpolation and averaging methods, we analyzed the sea surface wind data obtained from December 1992 to November 2008 by the scatterometers ERS-1, ERS-2, and QuikSCAT in the area of 2°N–39 °N, 105°E–130°E, and we reported the monthly mean distributions of the sea surface wind field. A vector empirical orthogonal function (VEOF) method was employed to study the data and three temporal and spatial patterns were obtained. The first interannual VEOF accounts for 26% of the interannual variance and displays the interannual variability of the East Asian monsoon. The second interannual VEOF accounts for 21% of the variance and reflects the response of China sea winds to El Niño events. The temporal mode of VEOF-2 is in good agreement with the curve of the Niño 3.4 index with a four-month lag. The spatial mode of VEOF-2 indicates that four months after an El Niño event, the southwesterly anomalous winds over the northern South China Sea, the East China Sea, the Yellow Sea, and the Bohai Sea can weaken the prevailing winds in winter, and can strengthen the prevailing winds in summer. The third interannual VEOF accounts for 10% of the variance and also reflects the influence of the ENSO events to China Sea winds. The temporal mode of VEOF-3 is similar to the curve of the Southern Oscillation Index. The spatial mode of VEOF-3 shows that the northeasterly anomalous winds over the South China Sea and the southern part of the East China Sea can weaken the prevailing winds, and southwesterly anomalous winds over the northern part of the East China Sea, the Yellow Sea, and the Bohai Sea can strengthen the prevailing winds when El Niño occurs in winter. If El Niño happens in summer, the reverse is true.     

非线性随机海浪的波高分布

利用水波动力学中的Stokes波理论建立了随机波统计模式, 并由此导出了非线性海浪的波高概率分布函数. 结果表明, 水波波陡既可作为控制波高分布函数变化的参量, 又能通过它的大小体现波高分布偏离瑞利分布的程度.含有波陡参量的波高统计分布克服了瑞利分布大波预报过高, 而众值预报过低的不足之处; 同时也使得小概率对应的波高值比瑞利分布预报的为低.资料验证表明, 新提出的波高分布在应用中更为合理.