Rhodamine exclusion activity in primary cultured turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) hepatocytes

Cellular detoxification by direct processes has been investigated in fish by studying the ability of hepatocytes prepared from juvenile aquarium-reared turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) to actively exclude the fluorescent dye rhodamine B (RB). Cell viability was studied by measurements of non-specific esterase activity using fluorescein diacetate. This revealed that turbot hepatocytes can be cultured for a few days with a viability decreasing to 38% after 24 h. The 24-h cultured cells have been used to study the rhodamine B exclusion activity using confocal laser microscopy. Hepatocytes accumulated the dye in a competitive manner with verapamil, thus suggesting that they express a transport system similar to the P-glycoprotein-mediated multixenobiotic resistance process. Incubation of cells with 1 microM RB and 20 microM verapamil led to a 26% increase of cellular fluorescence as compared to the accumulation in absence of competitor. Rhodamine B accumulated in the whole cytoplasm, with more concentrated areas that might correspond to the lysosomal compartment and the cell membrane.     

Field application of biochemical markers and a physiological index in the mussel,Mytilus galloprovincialis: transplantation and biomonitoring studies in the lagoon of Venice (NE Italy)

A number of biochemical markers and a physiological index were measured in mussels, Mytilus galloprovincialis, transplanted or native to five different contaminated sites in the lagoon of Venice. Mussels from Pellestrina, a reference site in the adjacent Adriatic Sea, were transplanted for 6 weeks to areas of the lagoon where indigenous mussels were also collected. As biochemical indices, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, aldehyde dehydrogenase (ADH) and NADPH cytochrome c reductase (NADPHcred) were measured in mussel digestive gland; survival in air as a physiological index was also determined. Biomarker responses varied among sites and between indigenous and transplanted animals. Significant induction of catalase and SOD was shown in animals transplanted to the urban sites of Salute and Chioggia, respectively. In indigenous mussels, induction of SOD and NADPHcred was seen in animals from the polluted site of Treporti and the heavily contaminated industrial area of Marghera. The overall biochemical data indicate significantly higher activity for ADH in transplanted animals in comparison with indigenous ones which, in contrast, present an increase in SOD. As regard survival in air, control mussels did not seem to be healthier in comparison either with transplanted or indigenous ones, suggesting that pollution has no effect on this parameter.     

东地中海沉积后氧化作用造成的腐泥的改造和清除

东地中海沉积后氧化作用造成的腐泥的改造和清除Ｎ．Ｃ．Ｈｉｇｇｓ等厚度大于１ｃｍ、有机碳含量大于２％的沉积层叫腐泥。大部分深水沉积中有机碳含量低，因此腐泥的形成需要特定的海洋地理条件。然而，在近４００ｋａ中，东地中海发育有至少１２层这样的腐泥，它们具有...     

The distribution of solar flares and probable relations to biological effects

We have compared the monthly distribution of the total number of flares to the monthly mortality from cardiovascular and myocardial infarctions for the time period 1974–1983, and computed correlation coefficients. Periodicities of 3 and 5 months (150 days) have been found in both distributions.     

Epizooic metazoan meiobenthos associated with tubeworm and mussel aggregations from cold seeps of the northern Gulf of Mexico

The abundance and higher taxonomic composition of epizooic metazoan meiobenthic communities associated with mussel and tubeworm aggregations of hydrocarbon seeps at Green Canyon, Atwater Valley, and Alaminos Canyon in depths between 1400 and 2800?m were studied and compared to the infaunal community of non-seep sediments nearby. Epizooic meiofaunal abundances of associated meiobenthos living in tubeworm bushes and mussel beds at seeps were extremely low (usually <100?ind. 10?cm(-2)), similar to epizooic meiofauna at deep-sea hydrothermal vents, and the communities were composed primarily of nematodes, copepods, ostracods, and halacarids. In contrast, epizooic meiobenthic abundance is lower than previous studies have reported for infauna from seep sediments. Interestingly, non-seep sediments contained higher abundances and higher taxonomic diversity than epizooic seep communities, although in situ primary production is restricted to seeps.     

Physical Landscape in Tachienlu, Kowlon and Litang, Sikang Province.

The region under discussion lies in the eastern border of the Tibetan Plateau. andhas been deeply di(?)sected by the Tatu Ho, Yalung Kiang and their triibutaries. Deep canyons and the flat plateaus form strong contrast in topography. Some native terms have been wisely used, such as, Koaga for glaciated mountains and peaks,“Tang” for bare rock region, “Tsu” for alp pasture, “Kan” for precipitous valley slope, and “Lon” for stream channel.     

Land Utilization in Chengtu Plain, Szechwan

In the north-western part of Szechwan Basin is the famous Chengtu Plain,with an area of 8,000 sq. km. and at 500-700 m. above the sea level. It is a huge alluvial plain formed by cohesion of many alluvial fans, among which the Minking fan is the largest, constituting 2/3 of the area of Chengtu Plain.     

历史的省思:靠什么凝聚中国可持续发展的人心?

○引言:哀莫大于心死 今年5月中旬,广西博白县7个乡镇爆发了群众围堵乡镇政府的事件,按照新华社引述博白县对外公布的资料:5月17日,博白县顿谷镇300多名群众围堵在镇政府门口,其中有人袭击政府工作人员和民警;18到19日,又有6个乡镇接连发生围堵政府事件,一些乡镇,最严重的时候聚集了近3000人,肇事者破坏、烧毁数辆汽车、摩托车和部分文件档案,并砸坏政府大门、围墙及办公设备.报道引述一些现场围观者的话说,事件缘于民众对当地政府计生执法工作不满,多名群众说,计划生育工作人员执法粗暴并且涉嫌乱收费.     

深孔绳索取心钻进用无固相防塌钻井液试验

为应对金刚石绳索取心钻进普遍发生的垮塌、造浆、钻杆内壁结泥皮等问题，完成了基于聚乙烯醇(PVA)为抑制剂的无固相防塌钻井液室内研究。通过泥页岩滚动回收试验、膨润土临界加量试验、泥球浸泡试验以及电动电位测试等对比了常用抑制剂的抑制效果；通过配伍性试验确定了增黏剂及降失水剂的种类和加量；对比了不同种类的污染物对所获配方钻井液综合性能的影响。结果表明，相比于NaCl、KCl等常规无机盐抑制剂，聚乙烯醇具有较强的抑制性，且抑制性与聚合度呈正相关；黄原胶(XC)、磺化褐煤树脂(SPNH)、磺化沥青(FT-1)可用作配制该钻井液的增黏提切剂和降失水剂；该配方钻井液可抗35% NaCl、4% CaCl₂以及12%钙土的污染，能满足110℃温度范围内的使用要求，可在3 000 m深度范围内的强造浆地层、破碎地层、盐膏层等复杂地层中使用。