Geochronology and Geochemistry of Ore-related Granitoids in the Giant Gariatong Rb Deposit, Tibet and Implications for Rb Metallogeny in China

Rubidium (Rb) deposits mostly occur in the South China and Central Asia orogenic belts and are often closely associated with highly differentiated granites. This study investigates a newly-discovered giant Rb deposit at Gariatong in the Central Lhasa terrane in Tibet. Detailed field studies and logging data revealed that the Rb mineralization mainly occurs in monzogranite and is related to greisenization. LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating of zircon yielded ages of 19.1 ± 0.2 Ma and 19.0 ± 0.2 Ma for greisenized monzogranite and fresh monzogranite, respectively. The monzogranites are characterized as strongly peraluminous, with high contents of SiO2, Al2O3, K2O and Na2O as well as a high differentiation index. They are enriched in light rare earth and large ion lithophile elements with signi?cant negative Eu anomalies and depleted high field-strength elements. Petrological and geochemical features of these ore-related monzogranites suggest that they are highly fractionated S-type granites, derived from remelting of crustal materials in a post-collisional setting. The geochemistry of zircon and apatite points to a low oxygen fugacity of the ore-related monzogranite during the magma’s evolution. The discovery of the Gariatong Rb deposit suggests that the Central Lhasa terrane may be an important region for rare metal mineralization.     

Nodes and Field of Tourist Origins to Ancient Village——A Case Study of Huangcheng Village in Shanxi Province of China

Based on Hagget's theory of spatial structure,researches on the nodes and field of tourist origins to Huang-cheng Village in Shanxi Province of China have been explored.Nodal hierarchy structure of tourist origins is analyzed with cluster analysis and the gravity model.And field of tourist origins is analyzed with attraction radius index(R)and geography concentration index(G).In the field analysis,R and G of Huangcheng Village are compared with Xidi Village that is a world heritage located in Huangshan City of Anhui Province in China.According to comparison of loca-tions of two areas,influential factors for field area of Huangcheng Village are identified.It is concluded that:1)cluster analysis and gravity model can be complementary methods to each other for nodal hierarchy structure analysis of tour-ist origins;and 2)as far as location is concerned,the weak intensity effect of tourism resources in the tourist region is a major cause for explaining why tourist origins to Huangcheng Village are mainly its neighboring areas.Moreover,it is suggested that the regional effect of tourist resources should be regarded as a component of destination attractiveness when applying gravity model.     

用于太阳视频矢量磁象仪和视频多普勒仪的双折射滤光器的新双带方案

本文分析了用于太阳视频矢量磁象仪和视频多普勒仪的Ramsey双带方案的优缺点,提出了新的双带方案:将滤光器中次厚级放在最前部,以代替原Ramsey方案中最厚级放于最前部的结构。详细计算表明,新双带方案优于传统的单带方案,传统的单带方案优于Ramsey双带方案。在相同磁场条件下,它们的总体信噪比是0.963:～0.800:0.578。新方案可能对新的空间视频矢量磁象仪和新建的地面系统有重要价值,也可按此改进已有的地基视频矢量磁象仪系统。     

地貌对生态系统模式和作用的影响

地球表面的地貌特征能调节有机体的分布和活动过程只了解景观类型、变化过程、与历史的关系作为推测几个时期和地区生态系统的规模是困难的。地貌,像泛滥平原和扇形冲积地;造貌运动,像河流的侵蚀和堆积,都对该地生态系统的发展以及物质和能量流动有着重要作用。在较长时间中,造貌运动形成了地貌;而在较短时间中,地貌可作为调节造貌运动范围和速度的因子。生态系统与地貌、造貌运动密切相关。造貌运动的历史可直接从植被的组成和结构中反映出来,因为这些地方是造貌运动与植被共同作用的结果。在植被建成以前就开始了造貌运运,或是与植被同时巧妙的作用。造貌运动能通过调节一个景观(或一个地形系列)中的土壤特征而对植被分布产生很大影响。     

山区的游憩利用问题

十九世纪以前,山区占优势的产业是畜牧业和采矿业。但是,在基础设施薄弱、与生产同类产品的平原地区竞争日益加剧的条件下,进一步发展上述产业的可能性愈来愈小了。这是许多经济发达国家山区经济社会生活逐渐衰退的重要原因之一:人口流失加剧,山村渐趋消亡。很自然地,对于如此形成的真空,应当以某种方式加以充实。在对这类地域有所需求的为数不多的活动范围和经济部门中,游憩业占有重要的地位。     

海平面的变化

自远古以来,世界上大部分人口的生活和活动都是同一定时期内的相对海平面及其变化的结果有关的。从此观点出发,那些实际上是全球性的有关洪水泛滥的传说,可能正代表着公元前18000—6000年之间海平面常以大于10毫米/年的速率上升了近100米,使人类的聚居地逐渐向内陆后退这个事件的人类记忆残迹。     

德意志联邦共和国的非城市化

非城市化的定义我们认为首先需要详细讨论非城市化的定义。贝里(Berry)提出一种相当确切的标准。他说:“1942年霍普·蒂斯代尔(Hope·Tisdale)曾经说过‘城市化人口集中的过程’。‘这种过程是人口较少集中向人口较大集中的运动’。……由此可见,从实质上说,非城市化过程是人口居住区缩小、人口密度减少和居住区的复杂性向单一性转化的过程。     

Morphology and Histology of Lattice-like Ossified Epaxial Tendons in Psittacosaurus (Dinosauria: Ceratopsia)

<正>Epaxial tendons play an important role in the study of the musculoskeletal system and locomotory style of dinosaurs.Although the ossified epaxial tendon lattice is fairly well known in Iguanodontoidea,only recently has knowledge of this complex been extended to ceratopsians.This study concerns the gross morphology and microstructure of the tendon lattice in Psittacosaurus,a basal ceratopsian.As in the neoceratopsian Chasmosaurus,the ossified tendons of Psittacosaurus form a three-layered, lattice-like structure.The microstructure of the tendons in large psittacosaur individuals retains an early stage of ossification,as in juvenile birds and nestling hadrosaurs,suggesting a slow developmental rate of ossification of the tendons in psittacosaur ontogeny.Comparative study indicates that a lattice-like arrangement of three-layered epaxial tendons is widely distributed in Cerapoda.This pattern also extends to Ankylosauria,implying a similar pattern of the epaxial muscles through the ornithischian clade.In addition,comparison with crocodiles implies that the different morphology of ossified tendons in dinosaurs may be associated with adaptive aspects of their paleobiology,not simply a side effect of skeletal ossification.In contrast to the short tendons in quadrupedal Chasmosaurus and Protoceratops,the elongated tendons in Psittacosaurus may be related to the bipedal locomotion characteristic of this taxon.     

A New Fossil Termite(Isoptera,Stolotermitidae,Stolotermes)from the Early Miocene of Otago,New Zealand

<正>The forewing of a termite from Early Miocene lake sediments in Otago,southern New Zealand is figured and described.It exhibits the generic characters of the damp-wood termite Stolotermes Hagen,but differs from forewings of the known species in size and venation pattern and is described as Stolotermes kupe sp.nov.S.kupe represents the first confident record of fossil Stolotermitidae and extends the fossil record of the family back to the Early Miocene.It also is the first direct evidence of fossil Isoptera from New Zealand,though silicified termite faecal pellets,referable to Kalotermes brauni,have been previously described.S.kupe indicates that Stolotermitidae has been present in the Australasian region since at least the Early Miocene.     

巨型翼龙类能够飞行吗？

Many pterodactyloids had wingspans that vastly exceed those of any other flying animals, living or extinct. Ornithocheiroids and neoazhdarchidans were particularly large pterosaurs that regularly attained wingspans over 4 m. Certain members of these groups – Pteranodontia and Azhdarchidae – attained the largest wingspans of any pterosaurs, making them the largest flying animals known.