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101.
The light curved in the CM field 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In this paper we introduce the CM field in Sections 2 and 3 based on the paper by Wang and Peng (1985), and calculate the light curved in the CM field in Section 4. The result shows thatP makes CM larger than C at
, and smaller at
. Under a special circumstance which source, CM lens, and observer are in the same line, if we get |
0=0
,
and |
=/2
, we can determine theP(M) andQ(M) of the CM lens,M is the mass of the CM lens. 相似文献
102.
This paper studies two properties of chromospheric spicules: their angular distribution and the plasma velocity along their axes. To investigate the first property, we measured the apparent tilt of spicules at the limb, and then computed their actual distribution in space. This was achieved by solving first kind Fredholm or Volterra integral equations by various methods. The distribution of the axial velocity of the spicule plasma was studied on the basis of two types of observations: (1) the height variation of the spicules as a function of time and (2) the Doppler shift of the spectral lines. The resulting velocity distributions, using the experimental data of these two sets of observations, are quite different. The average velocity based on the Doppler shift measurements ( 40 km s–1) is greater than that based on height variation of spicules ( 20 km s–1). This is due to the ionization of the material as it penetrates the corona. 相似文献
103.
104.
Efficient GOCE satellite gravity field recovery based on least-squares using QR decomposition 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
We develop and apply an efficient strategy for Earth gravity field recovery from satellite gravity gradiometry data. Our approach
is based upon the Paige-Saunders iterative least-squares method using QR decomposition (LSQR). We modify the original algorithm
for space-geodetic applications: firstly, we investigate how convergence can be accelerated by means of both subspace and
block-diagonal preconditioning. The efficiency of the latter dominates if the design matrix exhibits block-dominant structure.
Secondly, we address Tikhonov-Phillips regularization in general. Thirdly, we demonstrate an effective implementation of the
algorithm in a high-performance computing environment. In this context, an important issue is to avoid the twofold computation
of the design matrix in each iteration. The computational platform is a 64-processor shared-memory supercomputer. The runtime
results prove the successful parallelization of the LSQR solver. The numerical examples are chosen in view of the forthcoming
satellite mission GOCE (Gravity field and steady-state Ocean Circulation Explorer). The closed-loop scenario covers 1 month
of simulated data with 5 s sampling. We focus exclusively on the analysis of radial components of satellite accelerations
and gravity gradients. Our extensions to the basic algorithm enable the method to be competitive with well-established inversion
strategies in satellite geodesy, such as conjugate gradient methods or the brute-force approach. In its current development
stage, the LSQR method appears ready to deal with real-data applications. 相似文献
105.
Mirdita Zone ophiolites and associated sediments in Albania reveal Neotethys Ocean origin 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Hans-Jürgen Gawlick Wolfgang Frisch Lirim Hoxha Paulian Dumitrica Leopold Krystyn Richard Lein Sigrid Missoni Felix Schlagintweit 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2008,97(4):865-881
The Mirdita Ophiolite Zone in Albania is associated with widespread mélanges containing components of up to nappe-size. We
dated matrix and components of the mélange by radiolarians, conodonts, and other taxa. The components consist of radiolarites,
pelagic limestones and shallow-water limestones, all of Triassic age, as well as ophiolites. Triassic radiolarite as a primary
cover of ophiolite material proves Middle Triassic onset of Mirdita ocean-floor formation. The mélange contains a turbiditic
radiolarite-rich matrix (“radiolaritic flysch”), dated as Late Bajocian to Early Oxfordian. It formed as a synorogenic sediment
during west-directed thrusting of ophiolite and sediment-cover nappes representing ocean floor and underplated fragments of
the western continental margin. The tectonic structures formed during these orogenic events (“Younger Kimmeridian or Eohellenic
Orogeny”) are sealed by Late Jurassic platform carbonates. The geological history conforms with that of the Inner Dinarides
and adjoining areas; we therefore correlate the Mirdita-Pindos Ophiolite Zone with the Vardar Zone and explain its present
position by far-distance west-directed thrusting. 相似文献
106.
H. Zöllner K. Reicherter P. Schikowsky 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2008,97(5):1013-1027
The pre-Alpine structural and geological evolution in the northern part of the North German Basin have been revealed on the
basis of a very dense reflection seismic profile grid. The study area is situated in the coastal Mecklenburg Bay (Germany),
part of the southwestern Baltic Sea. From the central part of the North German Basin to the northern basin margin in the Grimmen
High area a series of high-resolution maps show the evolution from the base Zechstein to the Lower Jurassic. We present a
map of basement faults affecting the pre-Zechstein. The pre-Alpine structural evolution of the region has been determined
from digital mapping of post-Permian key horizons traced on the processed seismic time sections. The geological evolution
of the North German Basin can be separated into four distinct periods in the Rerik study area. During Late Permian and Early
Triassic evaporites and clastics were deposited. Salt movement was initiated after the deposition of the Middle Triassic Muschelkalk.
Salt pillows, which were previously unmapped in the study area, are responsible for the creation of smaller subsidence centers
and angular unconformities in the Late Triassic Keuper, especially in the vicinity of the fault-bounded Grimmen High. In this
area, partly Lower Jurassic sediments overlie the Keuper unconformably. The change from extension to compression in the regional
stress field remobilized the salt, leading to a major unconformity marked at the base of the Late Cretaceous. 相似文献
107.
Application of FLATModel, a 2D finite volume code, to debris flows in the northeastern part of the Iberian Peninsula 总被引:7,自引:3,他引:4
FLATModel is a two-dimensional shallow-water approximation code with corrections and modifications that create a simulation
tool adapted to debris-flows behaviour. FLATModel uses the finite volume method with the numerical implementation of the Godunov
scheme and includes correction terms regarding the effect of flow over high slopes and curvature. Additionally, the stop-and-go
phenomenon, the basal entrainment and a correction regarding the front inclination of the final deposit are incorporated into
FLATModel. In addition, different flow resistance laws were integrated in the numerical code including Bingham, Herschel–Bulkley
and Voellmy fluid model. Firstly, our numerical model was validated using analytical solutions of a dam-break scenario and
published data on a laboratory experiment. Secondly, three real events, which occurred in the northeastern part of the Iberian
Peninsula, were back-calculated. Although field observations of the three events are not very detailed, the back-analyses
revealed interesting patterns on the flow dynamics, and the numerical results generally showed good agreement with field data.
Comparing the different flow resistance laws, the Voellmy fluid model presents the best behaviour regarding both the flow
behaviour and the deposit characteristics. Preliminary simulation runs incorporating the effect of basal entrainment offered
satisfactory results, although the final volume is rather sensitive on the selected friction angle of channel-bed material.
The outcomes regarding the correction of the calculated front inclination of the final deposit showed that this implementation
strongly improves the simulation results and better represents steep fronts of final deposits. 相似文献
108.
Marco Herwegh Jean-Pierre Hürzeler O. Adrian Pfiffner Stefan M. Schmid Rainer Abart Andreas Ebert 《Swiss Journal of Geoscience》2008,101(2):323-340
This excursion guide results form a field trip to the Glarus nappe complex organized by the Swiss Tectonic Studies Group in 2006. The aim of the excursion was to discuss old and recent concepts related to the evolution of the Glarus thrust. The major aspects were (i) the interplay between deformation, fluid flow and geochemical alteration, (ii) episodic versus continuous deformation and fluid flow, and (iii) the link between large-scale structures, microstructures, and geochemical aspects. Despite 150 years of research in the Glarus nappe complex and the new results discussed during the excursion, there exist controversies that still are unsolved. 相似文献
109.
Tamás Mikes Dominik Christ Rüdiger Petri István Dunkl Dirk Frei Mária Báldi-Beke Joachim Reitner Klaus Wemmer Hazim Hrvatović Hilmar von Eynatten 《Swiss Journal of Geoscience》2008,101(1):31-54
Sandwiched between the Adriatic Carbonate Platform and the Dinaride Ophiolite Zone, the Bosnian Flysch forms a c. 3000 m thick, intensely folded stack of Upper Jurassic to Cretaceous mixed carbonate and siliciclastic sediments in the Dinarides. New petrographic, heavy mineral, zircon U/Pb and fission-track data as well as biostratigraphic evidence allow us to reconstruct the palaeogeology of the source areas of the Bosnian Flysch basin in late Mesozoic times. Middle Jurassic intraoceanic subduction of the Neotethys was shortly followed by exhumation of the overriding oceanic plate. Trench sedimentation was controlled by a dual sediment supply from the sub-ophiolitic high-grade metamorphic soles and from the distal continental margin of the Adriatic plate. Following obduction onto Adria, from the Jurassic–Cretaceous transition onwards a vast clastic wedge (Vranduk Formation) was developed in front of the leading edge, fed by continental basement units of Adria that experienced Early Cretaceous synsedimentary cooling, by the overlying ophiolitic thrust sheets and by redeposited elements of coeval Urgonian facies reefs grown on the thrust wedge complex. Following mid-Cretaceous deformation and thermal overprint of the Vranduk Formation, the depozone migrated further towards SW and received increasing amounts of redeposited carbonate detritus released from the Adriatic Carbonate Platform margin (Ugar Formation). Subordinate siliciclastic source components indicate changing source rocks on the upper plate, with ophiolites becoming subordinate. The zone of the continental basement previously affected by the Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous thermal imprint has been removed; instead, the basement mostly supplied detritus with a wide range of pre-Jurassic cooling ages. However, a c. 80 Ma, largely synsedimentary cooling event is also recorded by the Ugar Formation, that contrasts the predominantly Early Cretaceous cooling of the Adriatic basement and suggests, at least locally, a fast exhumation. 相似文献
110.
Assessment of cement’s dust impact on the soil using principal component analysis and GIS 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
Z. Zerrouqi M. Sbaa Ph.D. M. Oujidi Ph.D. M. Elkharmouz S. Bengamra A. Zerrouqi 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2008,5(1):125-134
To evaluate the impact of the cement’s dust emitted by the eastern Moroccan cement factory (Oujda Holcim) and deposited on the soil of the Ain Lahjar commune, 58 samples of soil were collected around the factory on a radius of 3 km approximately. The physicochemical analyses of the upper 3 cm of the soil surface samples correspond to the pH, electrical conductivity, the chlorides and the oxides of Ca, Al, Fe, K, Mn, S and Si which were analyzed by the fluorescence of X-rays. The preliminary results demonstrate that this dust are especially basic and contain a high free lime (43% CaO). The principal component analysis (applied on the 58 samples of soil) allows deducting that the free lime and the sulfur oxide are the tracer elements of this form of pollution. Furthermore, the spatial projection of the factor scores of the principal component analysis using the geographical information system permits to determine the spatial distribution of more polluted areas of soils as well as to estimate their surface (63.3% of the survey zone). 相似文献