Macroscopically‐Zoned Grandite from the Garnetite Skarn of Meka Presedla (Kopaonik Mountain,Serbia)

The macroscopically-zoned grandite from the garnetite skarn of Meka Presedla (Kopaonik Mountain, Serbia) was studied with optical microscopy, electron microprobe analysis (EMPA), Fourier transform infra-red (FT–IR), and Raman methods. The EMPA results indicate that the main core–rim compositional variations (Ca2.93–2.97Mn0.05–0.06Mg0.00–0.01Al1.14–1.26Fe3+0.72–0.83Ti0.00–0.02Si2.97–3.02O12) slightly differ along the zones, showing evidence for a quasi-cyclic alternation of the oscillatory zoning nature. Among this, considerable variation is observed only by the Al–Fe3+ substitutions in the octahedral site. The EMPA also indicate that the grandite zones compositionally vary, mostly within ±1 and ±2 mol% of the homogeneity level range, that is, Grs64±1Adr36±1Sps2 (A), Grs62±1Adr38±1Sps2 (B), Grs59±2Adr40±2Sps2 (C), Grs58±2Adr41±2Sps2 (D), and Grs58±1Adr41±1Sps2 (E). Therefore, the investigated garnet can be considered as relatively highly homogeneous. The majority of compositions lie within the narrow miscibility region of 0.58±2相似文献   

关于西阿翼龙系统位置的简单注释及与其它翼龙类关系的评论

Cearadactylus atrox is one of the first pterosaurs unearthed from the Araripe Basin (Northeast Brazil) (Leonardi and Borgomanero 1983, 1985) (Fig.1). The fossil was preserved in a calcareous concretion typical of the Romualdo Formation and comprised an almost complete skull with lower jaw, but lacked the occipital region.     

天然状态下多年冻土区活动层厚度研究进展与展望

活动层作为多年冻土区水热物理和力学动态最活跃的近地表层,是供给高寒植物生长所需水分和营养物质的关键区,是多年冻土与大气圈、土壤圈进行能水和物质交换的主要通道,也是微生物活动最频繁和生物地球化学循环最关键的冷生土壤层。近几十年来,在气候变暖和人类活动增强影响下,多年冻土区活动层厚度（ALT）普遍增加,对寒区环境与冻土工程产生了不利影响。本文对影响天然状态下ALT空间分异的宏观地质地理和微观局地因子、ALT的野外测量和模拟计算方法、ALT对气候变化的响应特征进行了回顾,并探讨了ALT变化对高寒生态环境的影响。研究表明：太阳辐射及其重分布和下垫面的复合作用是ALT空间分异的主因,在其他因素和条件一致时,高程多年冻土下界和纬度多年冻土南界附近的ALT较厚;近三十年来ALT积极响应气候变暖,随气温升高而增加,但区域差异明显,中纬高海拔和山地多年冻土区ALT大部分呈显著增加趋势,而高纬富含冰多年冻土区ALT因地下冰融化下沉,一定程度上抵消了因气候变暖而增加的部分。本文还展望了ALT未来研究方向,认为应聚焦ALT精准模拟制图、ALT变化的自适应机制、ALT变化对生物地球化学循环的影响和ALT变化对水...     

荒漠地区红柳大芸人工接种试验研究

通过2007-2008年对荒漠地区红柳大芸人工接种试验研究,为红柳大芸人工栽培提供理论依据和技术措施。在不同起源红柳林中,使用不同质量的大芸种子,采用不同接种深度和距离、不同接种方法、不同接种时间、不同的土壤、不同的定植模式、不同接种穴数等进行人工接种成功率对比试验。采用株行距1m×3m或1m×1m×3m的宽窄行造林模式、3月中旬至5月中旬用后期接种法接种、用纯度〉70％大芸种子、接种深度和水平距离为60cm和40cm成功率最高。     

Review of the El Soplao Amber Outcrop,Early Cretaceous of Cantabria,Spain

<正>El Soplao outcrop,an Early Cretaceous amber deposit recently discovered in northern Spain (Cantabria),has been shown to be the largest site of amber with arthropod inclusions that has been found in Spain so far.Relevant data provided herein for biogeochemistry of the amber,palynology,taphonomy and arthropod bioinclusions complement those previously published.This set of data suggests at least two botanical sources for the amber of El Soplao deposit.The first(type A amber)strongly supports a source related to Cheirolepidiaceae,and the second(type B amber)shows non-specific conifer biomarkers.Comparison of molecular composition of type A amber with Frenelopsis leaves(Cheirolepidiaceae)strongly suggests a biochemical affinity and a common botanical origin.A preliminary palynological study indicates a regional high taxonomical diversity,mainly of pteridophyte spores and gymnosperm pollen grains.According to the preliminary palynological data,the region was inhabited by conifer forests adapted to a dry season under a subtropical climate.The abundant charcoalified wood associated with the amber in the same beds is evidence of paleofires that most likely promoted both the resin production and an intensive erosion of the litter,and subsequent great accumulation of amber plus plant cuticles.In addition,for the first time in the fossil record, charcoalified plant fibers as bioinclusions in amber are reported.Other relevant taphonomic data are the exceptional presence of serpulids and bryozoans on the surfaces of some amber pieces indicating both a long exposure on marine or brackish-water and a mixed assemblage of amber.Lastly,new findings of insect bioinclusions,some of them uncommon in the fossil record or showing remarkable adaptations,are reported.In conclusion,a documented scenario for the origin of the El Soplao amber outcrop is provided.     

First Psocodean (Psocodea,Empheriidae) from the Cretaceous Amber of New Jersey

<正>Representatives of the extinct psocid family Empheriidae are known from Eocene Baltic amber, Lowermost Eocene French amber(Oise),and Lower Cretaceous Spanish amber(Alava).We report herein the first discovery of an empheriid psocid from the Cretaceous amber of New Jersey as Jerseyempheria grimaldii gen.et sp. nov.The fossil is figured and described.The new species is distinguished from related taxa.A discussion and checklist of Empheriidae are provided.     

A New Thorny Lacewing (Insecta: Neuroptera: Rhachiberothidae) from the Early Cretaceous Amber of Lebanon

<正>A new genus and species of Rhachiberothidae,Raptorapax terribilissima gen.et sp.nov.from the Cretaceous amber of Lebanon is described.The new genus is assigned to the subfamily Paraberothinae.The new material confirms the great diversity of the group in the Cretaceous age and its decrease in diversity in recent times.     

A New Family of Moths from the Middle Jurassic (Insecta: Lepidoptera)

<正>Three lepidopteran species,from the Middle Jurassic Daohugou beds(inner Mongolia,China),are described in a new family,Mesokristenseniidae,and new genus,Mesokristensenia,which could represent the sister group of the Micropterigidae.Mesokristensenia differs from all extant Lepidoptera,but one genus(Agathiphaga, Agathiphagidae),in retaining four median veins in the forewing,a plesiomorphy also present in many Trichoptera. Evidence for placing Mesokristensenia in the Lepidoptera includes four traits,notably a previously unrecorded autapomorphy of this insect order:beyond stem M1+2,vein M1 is bent and connected to cross-vein r-m(in both wing pairs).Among 24 characters taken into account to assess the systematic position of Mesokristensenia,12 are considered informative for a cladistic analysis involving this fossil taxon and the four suborders recognized in present-day Lepidoptera(Zeugloptera,Aglossata,Heterobathmiina,and Glossata).     

Microelectrona cladara gen.et sp.nov.:A New Protodikraneurini from the Eocene Baltic Amber(Hemiptera:Cicadomorpha:Cicadellidae:Typhlocybinae)

<正>A new genus Microelectrona gen.nov.and species Microelectrona cladara sp.nov.of the extinct tribe Protodikraneurini of the leafhoppers(Cicadeilidae:Typhlocybinae) from the Eocene Baltic amber is described. The piece of amber containing leafhopper inclusion is broken,unveiling some of the morphological structures,and enabling their studies using scanning electron microscopy.     

A New Species of Megarhyphus,an Interesting Discovery from the Lower Jurassic of England(Diptera,Anisopodidae)

<正>The oldest representative of the genus Megarhyphus Kovalev(Diptera:Anisopodidae)is described from the Lower Jurassic(Sinemurian)of England.A summary of our knowledge of Jurassic Anisopodidae is given.