用Geosat高度计数据观测黑潮流系的低频变化Ⅱ.季节及年际变化分析

本文利用由Geosat卫星高度计ERMT2-GDRs共2.3a数据得到的海面高度异常时间序列对黑潮流系的变化作进一步分析。季节平均的海面高度异常表明,黑潮延伸体与黑潮大弯曲之间有相互关联的变化关系。黑潮两侧相对水位差可以表示流量的相对变化特征,对7个断面相对流量分析得出黑潮延伸体及日本以南黑潮流量有较强的季节变化特征,吐噶喇海峡以东与台湾省东北黑潮流量年际变化具有相同相位,黑潮出现大弯曲时流量减少,而东海断面流量在大弯曲出现时增强,菲律宾以东黑潮流量在ENSO期间减弱,ENSO消失后增强,对50个时间序列的海面高度异常场进行了EOF分析,得到前三个EOF分量分别占总方差的25.3%、17.1%和13.7%,分别代表黑潮弯曲模态、ENSO模态及季节变化模态。季节变化特征在秋冬之交出现正异常最大,春夏之交出现负异常最大,这种变化规律与东亚季风有关。     

3种蚶染色体组型的比较研究

用鳃细胞空气干燥法制片,对双壳纲翼形亚纲蚶科泥蚶、毛蚶、魁蚶的染色体组型进行了分析研究。它们的染色体数目(2n)和总臂数(NF)都相同,但是染色体组型不同,泥蚶染色体组型2n=38,28m+10sm;毛蚶2n=38,14m+22sm+2st;魁蚶2n=38,12m+20sm+6st.亚端(st)着丝点类型染色体泥蚶没有,毛蚶有1对,魁蚶有3对。3种蚶染色体组型都是以中部(m)和亚中部(sm)着丝点染色体为主要类型;染色体长度由大到小都呈比较均匀地递减;最大染色体的绝对长度都不超过5μm,最小的都在2μm左右。臂间倒位可能在染色体进化过程中起重要作用。3种蚶种间杂交是有可能的。     

THE CLIMATIC CHANGES AND THE COASTAL ENVIRONMENT

Although the Yellow River Delta and Bohai Sea coastal zone are long distance and different environment with Po River Delta and Adriatic Sea coastal zone, the comparison of data of two different areas and the evolution trend of two areas are quite similar. The influence of natural climatic changes on the evolution of the deltas and coastal zones exists both in ancient and modern times. The cold/wet period occurred in 1300—1400A. D. and 1550 —1850 A.D. within this"large scale" climatie cycle, and shorter periods (10— 35 years) of cold rainy weather alternated with warm/dry period are known as "Bruckner cycles" which have influence on the evolution of the deltas and coastal zones.     

用彩色红外摄影遥感沼泽地与河口

众所周知,大部分植被种类生长环境范围相当窄,这就有可能通过一个地区植被种类的组成来间接地辨别和定量地估计某些环境参数,如盐度、pH值、温度、污染情况、土壤及岩石类型。反之,通过直接观察各种环境参数,以确定某一地区植被类型的组成。 美国地质调查局在帕塔克森特河地区利用彩色红外摄影遥感沼泽地和河口获得成功。 大范围的地面资料搜集工作与航空摄影成象是同步进行的。利用考察船测量了试验现场河口、沼泽地的深度、盐度、温度。同时利用安装在直升飞机上的PRT5型辐射计测量了河口水体和沼泽地植物群的辐射度。     

Theoretical wind wave frequency spectra in shallow water

The method developed by Wen et al. (1988 a) for deriving theoretical wind wave frequency spectrum in deep water is extended to the case of water of finite depth, in which a parameter η=H/d is introduced, where H and d represent the average wave height and water depth respectively. The derived spectra reduce to those in deep water when η=0. The case of η=1/2 corresponds to waves impending to break because of the effect of the bottom. Simplified forms of spectra are given. The theoretical results agree with the observed spectra well.     

沿海地区城市发展及地面沉降的系统控制

本文运用系统工程原理,系统论述了地下水合理开发、管理和地面沉降系统控制,这对沿海地区地面沉降控制起到重要的作用。     

An Approach to Stability Analysis of Embedded Large-Diameter Cylinder Quay

The large-diameter cylinder structure, which is made of large successive bottomless cylinders placed on foundation bed or partly driven into soil, is a recently developed retaining structure in China. It can be used in port, coastal and off-shore works. The method for stability analysis of the large-diameter cylinder structure, especially for stability analysis of the embedded large-diameter cylinder structure, is an important issue. In this paper, an idea is presented that is, em-bedded large-diameter cylinder quays can be divided into two types, i.e. the gravity wall type and the cylinder pile wall type. A method for stability analysis of the large-diameter cylinder quay of the cylinder pile wall type is developed and a method for stability analysis of the large-diameter cylinder quay of the gravity wall type is also proposed. The effect of sig-nificant parameters on the stability of the large-diameter cylinder quay of the cylinder pile wall type is investigated through numerical calculation.     

A Computational Model for Velocity Separation in Shallow Sea

Based on the hydrodynamical feature and the theoretical velocity profiles of tidal flow and vvind-induced flow in shal-low sea, a computational model is established for the first time, which can separate observed velocity into tidal velocity and wind-induced velocity by use of the least square method. With the model, not only the surface velocities of tidal flow and vvind-induced flow are obtained, but also the bed roughness height is determined and the wind velocity above the wa-ter surface is estimated. For verification of the model, the observed velocity in the Yellow River Estuary and the laborato-ry test is separated, then it is applied to the Yangtze River Estuary. All the results are satisfactory. The research results show that the model is simple in method, feasible in process and reasonable in result. The model is a valid approach to analysis and computation of field dala, and can be applied to separate the observed velocity in shallow sea; at the same time, reasonable boundary conditions of th     

Rheological Properties and Incipient Motion of Cohesive Sediment in the Haihe Estuary of China

The Haihe cohesive sediment, which is typical in China, is studied systematically for its basic physical and incipientmotion properties. Following the requirements of dredging works in the Haihe Estuary, cohesive sediment samples weretaken from three locations. Laboratory experiments were conducted to determine the rheological properties of these sam-ples and to examine the incipient motion of the cohesive sediment. It is found that the cohesive sediment has an obviousyield stress τb, which increases with the mud density in a manner of an exponential function, and so does the viscosityparameter η. The cohesive sediment behaves like a Bingham fluid when its density is below 1.38 ～ 1.40 g/cm3, andwhen denser than these values, it may become a power-law fluid. The incipient motion experiment also revealed that theincipient velocity of the cohesive sediment increases with the density in an exponential manner. Therefore, the incipientmotion is primarily related to the density, which is different from the case for non-cohesive sediment in which the incipi-ent motion is correlated with the diameter of sand particles instead. The incipient motion occurs in two different ways de-pending on the concentration of mud in the bottom. For sufficiently fine particles and a concentration lower than1.20 g/cm3, the cohesive sediment appears as fluidized mud, and the incipient motion is in the form of instability of aninternal wave. For a higher concentration, the cohesive sediment appears as general quasi-solid-mud, and the incipientmotion can be described by a series of extended Shields curves each with a different porosity for newly deposited alluvial mud.     

用Geosat高度计数据观测黑潮流系的低频变化

对Ｇｅｏｓａｔ高度计ＥＲＭ Ｔ２－ＧＤＲｓ共２．３ａ的海面高度数据进行了处理，研究区域为西北太产洋１０°￣４５℃Ｎ，１２０℃￣１６０°Ｅ，包括整个黑潮流系，时间段为１９８６年１１月至１９８９年３月，经过数据筛选，地球物理、环境因子校正及轨道误差较正后，用客观分析方法得到时空均匀的５０个时间序列的海面高度异常场，Ｇｅｏｓａｔ高度计的海面高度异常与验潮站实测水位高度符合较好，之证明处理结果是可信的，海