全文获取类型
收费全文 | 159篇 |
免费 | 0篇 |
专业分类
大气科学 | 37篇 |
地球物理 | 25篇 |
地质学 | 43篇 |
海洋学 | 13篇 |
天文学 | 30篇 |
自然地理 | 11篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 1篇 |
2020年 | 1篇 |
2017年 | 1篇 |
2015年 | 1篇 |
2014年 | 2篇 |
2013年 | 5篇 |
2012年 | 4篇 |
2011年 | 8篇 |
2010年 | 5篇 |
2009年 | 11篇 |
2008年 | 5篇 |
2007年 | 5篇 |
2006年 | 5篇 |
2005年 | 13篇 |
2004年 | 3篇 |
2003年 | 4篇 |
2002年 | 4篇 |
2001年 | 7篇 |
2000年 | 6篇 |
1999年 | 5篇 |
1998年 | 3篇 |
1996年 | 2篇 |
1995年 | 2篇 |
1994年 | 5篇 |
1993年 | 6篇 |
1992年 | 4篇 |
1991年 | 3篇 |
1990年 | 2篇 |
1989年 | 1篇 |
1988年 | 1篇 |
1987年 | 1篇 |
1985年 | 4篇 |
1984年 | 1篇 |
1983年 | 3篇 |
1982年 | 2篇 |
1981年 | 1篇 |
1980年 | 1篇 |
1979年 | 1篇 |
1977年 | 5篇 |
1976年 | 2篇 |
1975年 | 3篇 |
1974年 | 4篇 |
1973年 | 3篇 |
1972年 | 2篇 |
1970年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有159条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
This session presented a wide range of papers on cooperativeresearch, design of alternative gears and fishing strategies,and new analyses to support management. The contributed papersreflected a real desire to explore different approaches andstrategies to fishery management. It is apparent that fishery policy has had a mixed record ofsuccess and failure at best. In most regions of the world, manystocks are still being overfished or have been severely overfishedin the past. Although rebuilding programmes for overfished stockshave been developed, nationally as well as internationally,only a few have been successful, many others are works in progressand, in too many cases, rebuilding 相似文献
2.
Chironomid remains from the sediment of Lake Vuolep Njakajaure reflect limnological conditions resulting from changing climate and vegetation throughout the Holocene, but do not strictly follow accepted climate trends or the vegetation history based on regional pollen and macrofossil analyses. Chironomid community changes appear to be influenced by organic nutrient input from the surrounding catchment vegetation and lake hydrology, both of which are indirectly responding to some combination of climate change, hypolimnetic oxygen concentration, and changes in basin morphology. The chironomid-based quantitative mean July air-temperature reconstruction differs from other regional quantitative records; this discrepancy is likely related to limnological conditions particular to Lake Vuolep Njakajaure. Comparison of a northern Swedish temperature transfer function and one from western Canada reveals differences in the mean July air-temperature optima of several common taxa, suggesting that the existing conservative estimates of Holocene climate change in northern Sweden may be underestimated due to the limited temperature gradient captured by the Swedish training set. 相似文献
3.
4.
Allison?M.?ThomsonEmail author Robert?A.?Brown Norman?J.?Rosenberg R.?Cesar?Izaurralde Verel?Benson 《Climatic change》2005,69(1):43-65
Here we simulate dryland agriculture in the United States in order to assess potential future agricultural production under a set of general circulation model (GCM)-based climate change scenarios. The total national production of three major grain crops—corn, soybeans, and winter wheat—and two forage crops—alfalfa and clover hay—is calculated for the actual present day core production area (CPA) of each of these crops. In general, higher global mean temperature (GMT) reduces production and higher atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration ([CO2]) increases production. Depending on the climatic change scenarios employed overall national production of the crops studied changes by up to plus or minus 25% from present-day levels. Impacts are more significant regionally, with crop production varying by greater than ±50% from baseline levels. Analysis of currently possible production areas (CPPAs) for each crop indicates that the regions most likely to be affected by climate change are those on the margins of the areas in which they are currently grown. Crop yield variability was found to be primarily influenced by local weather and geographic features rather than by large-scale changes in climate patterns and atmospheric composition. Future US agronomic potential will be significantly affected by the changes in climate projected here. The nature of the crop response will depend primarily on to what extent precipitation patterns change and also on the degree of warming experienced. 相似文献
5.
6.
Climate Change Impacts on the Potential Productivity of Corn and Winter Wheat in Their Primary United States Growing Regions 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
We calculate the impacts of climate effects inferred from three atmospheric general circulation models (GCMs) at three levels of climate change severity associated with change in global mean temperature (GMT) of 1.0, 2.5 and 5.0 °C and three levels of atmospheric CO2 concentration ([CO2]) – 365 (no CO2 fertilization effect), 560 and 750 ppm – on the potential production of dryland winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and corn (Zea mays L.) for the primary (current) U.S. growing regions of each crop. This analysis is a subset of the Global Change Assessment Model (GCAM) which has the goal of integrating the linkages and feedbacks among human activities and resulting greenhouse gas emissions, changes in atmospheric composition and resulting climate change, and impacts on terrestrial systems. A set of representative farms was designed for each of the primary production regions studied and the Erosion Productivity Impact Calculator (EPIC) was used to simulate crop response to climate change. The GCMs applied were the Goddard Institute of Space Studies (GISS), the United Kingdom Meteorological Transient (UKTR) and the Australian Bureau of Meteorological Research Center (BMRC), each regionalized by means of a scenario generator (SCENGEN). The GISS scenarios have the least impact on corn and wheat production, reducing national potential production for corn by 6% and wheat by 7% at a GMT of 2.5 °C and no CO2 fertilization effect; the UKTR scenario had the most severe impact on wheat, reducing production by 18% under the same conditions; BMRC had the greatest negative impact on corn, reducing production by 20%. A GMT increase of 1.0°C marginally decreased corn and wheat production. Increasing GMT had a detrimental impact on both corn and wheat production, with wheat production suffering the greatest losses. Decreases for wheat production at GMT 5.0 and [CO2] = 365 ppm range from 36% for the GISS to 76% for the UKTR scenario. Increases in atmospheric [CO2] had a positive impact on both corn and wheat production. AT GMT 1.0, an increase in [CO2] to 560 ppm resulted in a net increase in corn and wheat production above baseline levels (from 18 to 29% for wheat and 2 to 5% for corn). Increases in [CO2] help to offset yield reductions at higher GMT levels; in most cases, however, these increases are not sufficient to return crop production to baseline levels. 相似文献
7.
Rutger Rosenberg 《Marine pollution bulletin》1985,16(6):227-231
Increased inputs of nutrients to marine coastal areas over the last decades have created a basis for eutrophication of the waters surrounding Sweden. In combination with relatively low water exchange in these vertically stratified and almost non-tidal waters, local and regional effects of increased macro-algal biomass, and decreased oxygen concentrations in bottom water leading to mortalities of benthic animals and decreased fish catches have at times been observed. The effects were first noted in the Baltic, but are now obvious also in Swedish and Danish coastal areas in the Kattegat and the Belt Sea. Similar symptoms have recently also been recorded off the Danish North Sea coast. Other shallow coastal and shelf areas, where stratification occurs, can be regarded as potentially eutrophic risk areas. 相似文献
8.
9.
Norman J. Rosenberg 《Climatic change》1982,4(3):239-254
In a prior paper (Part I), the point was made that, assuming an unchanged climate, water use efficiency in agricultural crop
production will likely be favored by the increase in CO2 concentration projected to occur within the next half century. Since climatic changeis likely to result from the CO2 concentration increase, its possible impacts on agricultural productivity must also be considered. An attempt to do so, using
the Great Plains region of North America as a case study, is reported in this paper (Part II).
A number of climatic models predict significant increases in surface temperature. Manabe and Wetherald's (1980) model provides
the most specific projections for a hypothetical Northern hemisphere continent. That model also predicts an intensification
of the hydrologic cycle with rainfall distribution altered so that some zones will receive more and some less as a result
of a doubling in the atmospheric CO2 concentration. The zone between 37 and 47° N latitude will suffer a reduction in availability of soil moisture.
A number of regression models of grain yield as a function of temperature and precipitation have been used to anticipate the
impacts of the projected climatic changes. The value of this approach is questioned. An alternative approach - the study of
the migration of major agricultural crops across strong climatic gradients - is proposed. Changes in the geographical distribution
of the hard red winter wheat zone in North America provide an example. The point is also made that factorscurrently limiting food production must be considered in order to predict the possible impacts of any given climatic change. In the
central Great Plains today, the energy consumed by evapotranspiration often exceeds that supplied by net radiation since sensible
heat advection from dryer regions to the south and west provides a major additional input of energy. If, as models project,
the excess of precipitation over evaporation increases south of 37° N, the advection of sensible heat and, hence, the rates
of evapotranspiration and degree of water stress on growing plants could be reduced in the adjacent regions to the north.
Published as Paper No. 6123, Journal Series, Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station. The work reported was conducted under
Regional Research Project 11-033 and Nebraska Agricultural Station Project 11-049.
George Holmes Professor of Agricultural Meteorology, Center for Agricultural Meteorology and Climatology, Institute of Agriculture
and Natural Resources, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, 68583-0728. 相似文献
10.
Dennis D. Baldocchi Shashi B. Verma Norman J. Rosenberg 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》1983,25(1):43-54
Air flow was observed above and within canopies of a number of kinds of soybeans. The Clark cultivar and two isolines of the Harosoy cultivar were studied in 1979 and 1980, respectively. Wind speed above the canopy was measured with cup anemometers. Heated thermistor anemometers were used to measure air flow within the canopy. Above-canopy air flow was characterized in terms of the zero-plane displacement (d), roughness parameter (z o) and drag coefficient (C d). d and z o were dependent on canopy height but were independent of friction velocity in the range 0.55 to 0.75 m s?1 · C d for the various canopies ranged from 0.027 to 0.035. Greater C d values were measured over an erectophile canopy than over a planophile canopy. C d was not measurably affected by differences in leaf pubescence. Within-canopy wind profiles were measured at two locations: within and between rows. The wind profile was characterized by a region of great wind shear in the upper canopy and by a region of relatively weak wind shear in the middle canopy. Considerable spatial variability in wind speed was evident, however. This result has significant implications for canopy flow modeling efforts aimed at evaluating transport in the canopy. In the lower canopy, wind speed within a row increased with depth whereas wind speed between two rows decreased with depth. The wind speeds at the two locations tended to converge to a common value at a height near 0.10 m. The attenuation of within-canopy air flow was stronger in canopies with greater foliage density. Canopy flow attenuation seemed to decrease with increasing wind speed, suggesting that high winds distorted the shape of the canopy in such a manner that the penetration of wind into the canopy increased. 相似文献