Phytoremediation of cadmium using plant species of Athyrium wardii (Hook.)

Athyrium wardii (Hook.) is a promising herbaceous plant species for phytostabilization of cadmium (Cd)-contaminated sites with large biomass and fast growth rate. However, little information is available on its tolerance mechanisms toward Cd. To further understand the mechanisms involved in Cd migration, accumulation and detoxification, the present study investigated subcellular distribution and chemical forms of Cd in the mining ecotypes and corresponding non-mining ecotypes of A. wardii via greenhouse pot experiment. Subcellular fractionation of Cd-containing tissues demonstrated that the majority of the element was mainly located in soluble fraction in cell walls. This indicated that both the vacuoles and cell walls might be evolved the Cd tolerance mechanisms to protect metabolically active cellular compartments from toxic Cd concentrations. Meanwhile, Cd taken up by the plant existed in different chemical forms. Results showed that the majority of Cd in plant was in undissolved Cd–phosphate complexes (extracted by 2 % CH₃COOH), followed by water-soluble Cd–organic acid complexes, Cd(H₂PO₄)₂, pectates and protein form (extracted by deionized water and 1 M NaCl), whereas only small amount of Cd in roots was in inorganic form (extracted by 80 % ethanol), which suggests low capacity to be transported to aboveground tissues. It could be suggested that Cd integrated with undissolved Cd–phosphate complexes in cell wall or compartmentalization in vacuole might be responsible for the adaptation of the mining ecotypes of A. wardii to Cd stress.     

The relationship between the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index and drought indices in the South Central United States

Natural Hazards - Drought indices are useful for quantifying drought severity and have shown mixed success as an indicator of drought damage and biophysical dryness. While spatial downscaling of...     

猫跳河四级水电站水库、坝址岩溶渗漏及防渗处理的研究

<正> 猫跳河四级水电站,位于河流下游的深切峡谷区,距贵阳55公里。1960年开展选坝及地质勘探工作,1965年施工,1970年建成发电。坝址处河流多年平均流量45米~3/秒,坝址河水位1054米,水库正常蓄水位1092米。电站主体工程有溢流式双拱坝,最大坝高(从基础拱桥地基算起)54.7米,右岸设引水发电隧洞,发电引用流量96.9米~3/秒。装机容量4.5万千瓦,年发电量1.6亿度。     

Identification of fracture development period and stress field analysis based on fracture fabrics in tectonic superposition areas

As a direct consequence of multiple periods of stress applied on areas with tectonic superposition, the multiple-periods fractures have complex abutting relationships, and the field study of fractures is usually restricted by outcrop conditions, such as section direction. Therefore, previous studies of superposed stress fields based on fractures have been generally performed in areas with proper observation conditions and clear abutting relationships. In contrast, in many other areas, the identification of fracture development period based on field observation is often infeasible. Compared to abutting relationships, fracture fabrics obtained from field measurement are not affected by the restriction of outcrops and consequently are more representative of the fractures. According to the analysis of fracture fabrics and fracture features, this paper has separated and extracted the superposed fracture sets and identified the fracture development period in the area without available abutting relationships. Taking the southern segment of the Longmen Mountain thrust belt as an example, fractures of two development periods are identified and timed in the tectonic superposition area between two adjacent fold belts. The analysis of stress direction in each period suggests that the structural boundaries, consisting of such pre-existing structures as faults and anticlines, could have induced directional rotation in the subsequent stress. An equivalent result was achieved using a finite element simulation of the stress field. Based on the stress analysis of the field sites and the stress field simulation, the stress variation in the tectonic superposition area is well modeled.     

Modelling virgin compression line of compacted unsaturated soils

Acta Geotechnica - In this paper, the volumetric collapse of an unsaturated soil, upon soaking to saturation under a certain stress level, is referred to as soaking collapse. The soaking collapse...     

海南岛神尖灯塔剖面海相更新世地层与沉积环境

海南岛西北岸神尖灯塔附近的海蚀崖 ,出露了一套厚逾 40m、富含海相生物化石的更新世地层 ,为除台湾省外的我国沿海和岛屿所仅见。该剖面的古地磁测量结果显示出布容正极性时和松山反向极性时及其中的加拉米洛和奥杜威事件 ,其时代跨越了约 2 5 0～0 2 6MaB .P .的早、中更新世。这一结论得到了电子自旋共振测年结果和浮游有孔虫组合的验证。而14 C年龄测定结果 ( 2 80 0 0～ 2 30 0 0aB .P .间 )则因贝壳和碳酸盐样品经过淡水交换和重结晶作用而偏新。沉积学研究表明 ,这套地层由 8个水下和水上的沉积旋回所组成 ,反映了该地区在早、中更新世时期至少发生了 8次海平面的升降变化。     

海岸水体中颗石在古水深定量研究中的运用——以黄海辐射沙洲海区为例

将沉积物中的颗石作为一种特殊的沉积颗粒 ,根据颗石藻的生态特点 ,建立了海岸带环境中颗石丰度与水深关系的标准分布模式。以此模式为依据 ,通过对柱状样品中颗石的研究 ,确定了工作区近 3 .5万 a以来古水深的变化规律及变化幅度 ,为海面变化的研究提供了定量的水深资料。     

数值法计算中边界条件处理方法的探讨

研究了在地下水流数值值模拟中,不同边界类型边界值的扰动对区内计算结点水位的影响,以及为减少因边界值的误差而带来区内预报的误差,文中提出了变边界类型的预报方法.     

The formation and development of debris flows in large watersheds after the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake

The Wenchuan earthquake has caused abundance of loose materials supplies for debris flows. Many debris flows have occurred in watersheds in area beyond 20 km², presenting characteristics differing from those in small watersheds. The debris flows yearly frequency decreases exponentially, and the average debris flow magnitude increases linearly with watershed size. The rainfall thresholds for debris flows in large watersheds were expressed as I?=?14.7 D ^?0.79 (2 h?<?D?<?56 h), which is considerably higher than those in small watersheds as I?=?4.4 D ^?0.70 (2 h?<?D?<?37 h). A case study is conducted in Ergou, 39.4 km² in area, to illustrate the formation and development processes of debris flows in large watersheds. A debris flow develops in a large watershed only when the rainfall was high enough to trigger the wide-spread failures and erosions on slope and realize the confluence in the watershed. The debris flow was supplied by the widely distributed failures dominated by rill erosions (14 in 22 sources in this case). The intermittent supplying increased the size and duration of debris flow. While the landslide dam failures provided most amounts for debris flows (57 % of the total amount), and amplified the discharge suddenly. During these processes, the debris flow velocity and density increased as well. The similar processes were observed in other large watersheds, indicating this case is representative.     

Determining the Deformation Monitorable Indicator of Point Cloud Using Error Ellipsoid

As the development of the terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) technique, deformation monitoring using TLS has attracted increasing attention in the field. To distinguish the deformation from the error of TLS point cloud and evaluate the deformation monitorable capacity of the point cloud, a deformation monitorable indicator (DMI) should be determined. In this paper, a new method for determining the DMI of point cloud is proposed. The kernel procedure of the method is the establishment of point error ellipsoid and point cloud error ellipsoid and is described firstly in the paper. Then the computation of the actual point error ellipsoid is derived considering the intersection between the neighboring error ellipsoids. The determination of DMI comes in the next by calculating the point position error of the deformation orientation based on the actual point error ellipsoid. Furthermore, the performance of proposed approach is illustrated with validation experiments of planar board displacement where deformations with different sampling intervals, different scanning distances and different incidence angles were simulated. From the analysis of the experiments, the results show the validation of the feasibility of determining the DMI by the proposed method. This technique was also applied to a monitoring event of bridge pylon, and the results confirm the feasibility of the DMI in a real case, as well.