1999—2018年重庆市主城区住宅用地空间演变特征及驱动因素研究

以典型山地城市重庆市主城区为研究对象,基于住宅小区空间矢量数据和多源兴趣点（Point of Interest,POI）数据,采用标准差椭圆、圈层缓冲区分析、扩展强度指数、景观格局分析和地理加权回归（GWR, Geographically Weighted Regression）方法,对近20 a重庆市主城区住宅小区的空间演变特征和驱动因素进行研究。结果表明：① 重庆市主城区居住用地现状布局呈现中心-外围结构,且从中心到外围斑块逐渐大型化发展。② 居住用地空间演化经历快速增长和增速下降2个扩张阶段,其中1999—2003年城市居住用地扩展强度最大。居住用地扩张以南北向为主,近些年东西向扩张趋势明显。③ 城市规划、交通条件、公共服务设施、地形因素共同对城市住宅小区用地扩展产生显著影响。显著性总体上为：到中心商务区（CBD）的距离>路网密度>轨道交通站点可达性>医院可达性>坡度。④ 同一驱动因素在不同区位对住宅小区扩展的影响具有较明显空间异质性。     

重庆市主城区软件和信息技术服务企业空间格局演化与区位选择

基于重庆市工商企业注册数据,利用核密度分析、多距离空间聚类等空间分析方法,分析了重庆市主城区软件和信息技术服务企业2002—2017年的空间格局演化特征,并借助Tobit模型探讨其区位选择影响因素。研究表明：1）从现状分布看,距离城市中心4~12 km的城市中间圈层是重庆市主城区软件和信息技术服务企业分布的主要空间,并呈“双峰”圈层分布特征,空间分布表现为“一主两次”多中心格局,集聚特征显著。2）2002—2017年,企业分布出现郊区化现象的同时大量向距离城市中心6~8 km范围集中,圈层分布由“双峰”结构向“单峰”结构转变,空间格局由单中心分布演变为“一主两次”多中心格局,集聚强度与规模持续提高。3）产业集聚因素对重庆市主城区软件和信息技术服务企业的区位选择影响最为显著,其次是相关区位条件和市内交通因素的影响,对外交通和空间政策因素在企业区位选择中的作用未通过显著性检验。     

弥渡金宝山铂钯矿床超基性岩浆演化与成矿

早期深部硫化物熔离是成矿主导控制因素,岩浆晚期高温流体活动阶段普遍遭受蛇纹石化.金属硫化物的富集部位也就是铂钯矿化部位.金属硫化物是在铁质超基性岩中寻找铂钯矿体的间接标志.     

东海污损生物群落研究Ⅲ.群落结构

计算东海29 个试验点污损生物群落之间的相似系数,并进行聚类分析。根据分析结果,东海污损生物群落可分为4 个类型: 河口群落、近岸群落、内湾群落和远岸群落     

灵渠地质地貌初步研究

灵渠位于广西东北部的兴安县,建造于公元前214年的秦朝,是联接湘江和漓江的一条人工运河。灵渠的建造是利用了分水岭上特定的有利的地质—地貌条件,即:1.地质构造上的低点;2.分水岭上强烈喀斯特化的峰林平原地形;3.从漓江到湘江新构造运动为掀斜式上升。      

Facies-constrained prestack seismic probabilistic inversion driven by rock physics

Seismic Rock physics plays a bridge role between the rock moduli and physical properties of the hydrocarbon reservoirs. Prestack seismic inversion is an important method for the quantitative characterization of elasticity, physical properties, lithology and fluid properties of subsurface reservoirs. In this paper, a high order approximation of rock physics model for clastic rocks is established and one seismic AVO reflection equation characterized by the high order approximation(Jacobian and Hessian matrix) of rock moduli is derived. Besides, the contribution of porosity, shale content and fluid saturation to AVO reflectivity is analyzed. The feasibility of the proposed AVO equation is discussed in the direct estimation of rock physical properties. On the basis of this, one probabilistic AVO inversion based on differential evolution-Markov chain Monte Carlo stochastic model is proposed on the premise that the model parameters obey Gaussian mixture probability prior model. The stochastic model has both the global optimization characteristics of the differential evolution algorithm and the uncertainty analysis ability of Markov chain Monte Carlo model. Through the cross parallel of multiple Markov chains, multiple stochastic solutions of the model parameters can be obtained simultaneously, and the posterior probability density distribution of the model parameters can be simulated effectively. The posterior mean is treated as the optimal solution of the model to be inverted.Besides, the variance and confidence interval are utilized to evaluate the uncertainties of the estimated results, so as to realize the simultaneous estimation of reservoir elasticity, physical properties, discrete lithofacies and dry rock skeleton. The validity of the proposed approach is verified by theoretical tests and one real application case in eastern China.     

A fundamental theorem for eco-environmental surface modelling and its applications

We propose a fundamental theorem for eco-environmental surface modelling(FTEEM) in order to apply it into the fields of ecology and environmental science more easily after the fundamental theorem for Earth's surface system modeling(FTESM). The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei(BTH) region is taken as a case area to conduct empirical studies of algorithms for spatial upscaling, spatial downscaling, spatial interpolation, data fusion and model-data assimilation, which are based on high accuracy surface modelling(HASM), corresponding with corollaries of FTEEM. The case studies demonstrate how eco-environmental surface modelling is substantially improved when both extrinsic and intrinsic information are used along with an appropriate method of HASM. Compared with classic algorithms, the HASM-based algorithm for spatial upscaling reduced the root-meansquare error of the BTH elevation surface by 9 m. The HASM-based algorithm for spatial downscaling reduced the relative error of future scenarios of annual mean temperature by 16%. The HASM-based algorithm for spatial interpolation reduced the relative error of change trend of annual mean precipitation by 0.2%. The HASM-based algorithm for data fusion reduced the relative error of change trend of annual mean temperature by 70%. The HASM-based algorithm for model-data assimilation reduced the relative error of carbon stocks by 40%. We propose five theoretical challenges and three application problems of HASM that need to be addressed to improve FTEEM.     

Multi-trace basis-pursuit seismic inversion for resolution enhancement

Seismic inversion is an important tool that transfers interface information of seismic data to formation information, which renders the seismic data easily understood by geologists or petroleum engineers. In this study, a novel multi-trace basis-pursuit inversion method based on the Bayesian theory is proposed to enhance the vertical resolution and overcome the lateral instability of inversion results between different traces occasionally seen in the traditional trace-by-trace basis-pursuit inversion method. The Markov process is initially introduced to describe the relationship between adjacent seismic traces and their correlation, which we then close couple in the equation of our new inversion method. A recursive function is further derived to simplify the inversion process by considering the particularity of the coefficient matrix in the multi-trace inversion equation. A series of numerical-analysis and field data examples demonstrates that both the traditional and the new methods for P-wave impedance inversion are helpful in enhancing the resolution of thin beds that are usually difficult to discern from original seismic profiles, thus highlighting the importance of acoustic-impedance inversion for thin bed interpretation. Furthermore, in addition to yielding thin bed inversion results with enhanced lateral continuity and high vertical resolution, our proposed method is robust to noise and cannot be easily contaminated by it, which we verify using both synthetic and field data.     

The interannual and decadal variability of the sea level in the Japan/East Sea

Sea level observed by altimeter during the 1993–2007 period and the thermosteric sea level from 1945 through 2005 obtained by using the global ocean temperature data sets recently published are used to investigate the interannual and decadal variability of the sea level in the Japan/East Sea (JES) and its response to El Niño and Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Both the interannual variations of the sea level observed by altimeter and those of the thermosteric sea level obtained from reanalyzed data in the JES are closely related to ENSO. As a result, one important consequence is that the sea level trends are mainly caused by the thermal expansion in the JES. An ‘enigma’ is revealed that the correlation between the thermosteric sea level and ENSO during the PDO (Pacific Decadal Oscillation) warm phase (post mid-1970s) is inconsistent with that during the cold phase (pre mid-1970s) in the JES. The thermosteric sea level trends and the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) suggest a strong negative correlation during the period 1977–1998, whereas there appears a relatively weak positive correlation during the period 1945–1976 in the JES. Based on the SODA (Simple Oceanographic Data Assimilation) datasets, possible mechanisms of the interannual and decadal variability of the sea level in the JES are discussed. Comprehensive analysis reveals that the negative anomalies of SOI correspond to the positive anomalies of the southeast wind stress, the net advective heat flux and the sea level in the JES during the PDO warm phase. During the PDO cold phase, the negative anomalies of SOI correspond to the positive anomalies of the southwest wind stress, the negative anomalies of the net advective heat flux and the sea level in the JES.     

南黄海西部中层冷水特征的时空变化

根据 1 959- 1 996年 4- 6月水温资料 ,按 30′× 30′方区统计计算了南黄海 ( 34°～ 37°30′N ,1 2 2°～ 1 2 4°30′E)中层冷水的 8个示性特征值 ,并绘制了平面分布图。分析结果表明 ,南黄海西部中层冷水于 4月形成 ,5月达到盛期 ,6月开始消衰 ,生消规律具有明显的季节性 ;出现的海区为 34°～ 37°30′N ,1 2 4°0 0′E以西 (即黄海暖流向西北伸展路径 )海域 ,具有明显的地域性。同时 ,示性特征的时 -空分布变化还反映出 :在形成期其下方黄海暖流对它的重要影响。这将对于探讨海洋热、动力因子对研究海区中层冷水生消机制奠定了实验基础。