东天山伊吾二叠纪花岗质杂岩体的锆石定年、地球化学及其构造意义

伊吾花岗质杂岩体主要由二长花岗岩和碱长花岗岩构成。锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年分析得到二长花岗岩和碱长花岗岩的侵位年龄分别为284.6±1.4Ma和284.0±1.1Ma。结合地质证据,此年龄表明该杂岩体形成于碰撞之后的二叠纪早期挤压-伸展转折阶段。岩石学、地球化学和同位素等方面的对比研究表明这两种岩石为同一岩浆演化的产物。与二长花岗岩相比,碱长花岗岩表现为硅、碱的含量较高,而铝的含量较低;富Th、U、Nb、Ta,贫Sr、P、Ti、Sm;DI和Rb/Sr升高,Nb/Ta和Zr/Hf下降,从二长花岗岩到碱长花岗岩表现出连续分异演化的趋势。计算得到二长花岗岩和碱长花岗岩的模式年龄(t_(DM))分别为693Ma和763Ma,ε_(Nd)(t)分别为+4.53和+4.64,(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)_i分别为0.703858和0.703855,表现出高ε_(Nd)(t)低(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)_i的特征。这些特征表明,伊吾岩体的岩浆来自新元古代时从亏损地幔分离出来的初生地壳源区。二长花岗岩岩浆是这种初生地壳岩浆演化的产物,而碱长花岗岩形成于二长花岗岩母岩浆经斜长石、磷灰石、钛铁氧化物、榍石、独居石、褐帘石和锆石等矿物分离结晶后的残留岩浆。     

高放废物处置库甘肃北山预选区地下水位动态特征

阐明了甘肃北山预选区地下水位动态特征及其与当地大气降水的关系,并对其动态类型进行了剖析,由此得出北山地区地下水源自当地大气降水补给的认识。为处置库预选区场址评价提供了水文地质依据。     

新疆东天山地区延西铜矿床的地球化学、成矿年代学及其地质意义

延西铜矿床位于新疆东天山觉罗塔格地区北部的哈尔里克-大南湖岛弧带内,是延东-土屋斑岩型成矿带的西延部分。矿床的赋矿地层主要为石炭系企鹅山群,被含矿斜长花岗斑岩侵入。矿床中的主要岩石类型为安山岩、闪长玢岩以及斜长花岗斑岩,安山岩和闪长玢岩具有同源性及岛弧火山岩的特点,是主要的赋矿围岩;斜长花岗斑岩具有埃达克质岩石的特征,与成矿作用直接相关,其形成晚于安山岩、闪长玢岩。本文测得延西铜矿床辉钼矿Re-Os年龄为326.2±4.5Ma,可以代表其成矿年龄,与土屋-延东铜矿床322.7±2.3Ma的辉钼矿Re-Os年龄基本相同;包括延西铜矿床在内的土屋-延东斑岩型铜矿带成矿时代与成岩时代基本一致或稍晚。延西铜矿床具有斑岩型铜矿床的矿化和围岩蚀变特征,与土屋-延东斑岩型铜矿带内其它矿床均为中石炭世同源岩浆演化的产物,具有相似的成矿作用过程,成矿物质均为岩浆来源,这些矿床可能为同一岩浆活动在不同部位发生矿化的产物。延西铜矿床以及土屋-延东斑岩型铜矿带形成于东天山觉罗塔格地区晚古生代的挤压岛弧背景,应与哈尔里克-大南湖晚古生代岛弧的形成相伴,可能与康古尔塔格大洋板块向北部哈尔里克-大南湖岛弧的俯冲有关。     

煤田深孔补采煤心施工技术

在煤田岩心钻探孔施工中,经常会出现丢失煤层现象,必须补采煤心,以满足地质设计要求和有关煤田地质规程。在河南省禹州市张得煤田矿区的钻探施工中,摸索并掌握了一套深孔补采煤心的施工技术,利用偏心楔补打斜孔,有效解决了深孔（1000 m以下）补采煤心的问题,并完全满足地质设计要求。     

阿尔金山南缘长沙沟—清水泉一带镁铁-超镁质杂岩体Cu-Ni-PGE含矿性讨论

尽管阿尔金南缘长沙沟-清水泉一带在空间上彼此分隔的4个镁铁-超镁质岩体(或岩体群)在岩石学、岩相学、地球化学上存在着差异,但它们的形成时代均为中奥陶世(~465 M a左右)。其中,分布于阿尔金南缘主断裂南侧的清水泉南—长沙沟中段—黄土泉的岩体,超镁铁岩(包括纯橄岩-橄榄岩-辉橄岩-橄辉岩)中的橄榄石Fo值较高(变化于95~85),且自东向西呈现非常有规律的递减;而北侧的清水泉北岩体辉橄岩中橄榄石的Fo值较低(变化于81~79)。结合各岩体的岩石地球化学特征和岩浆演化过程及橄榄石中N i的含量变化规律,对这些杂岩体形成的地质背景和Cu-N i-PGE含矿可能性作简要讨论。     

蒙古国境内贝尔湖凹陷早白垩世沉积充填演化与同沉积断裂的响应

蒙古国境内的贝尔湖凹陷是新近发现的一个主要勘探可开发区。早白垩世垂向充填演化序列综合研究表明,南屯组早期地层的大规模同生断裂系统组合样式及其分布对断陷湖盆内沉积体系域的发育、分布起着重要的控制作用。凹陷内的充填序列和演化反映了幕式断裂作用及湖盆右旋走滑特征对盆内沉积体系演化模式起着至关重要的控制作用。长期活动的同沉积断裂配合构造的右旋走滑运动严格控制古地貌、断裂坡折及断坡带的形成与分布,从而进一步控制着湖盆内碎屑岩沉积体系发育与沉积展布模式。凹陷内部的东次凹北洼槽内的洼陷边缘断裂坡折带常常控制着粗碎屑沉积体系的沉积、沉降中心,特别是低位域近岸水下扇的发育和分布,是盆内寻找砂岩油气藏的最有利区带。同沉积断裂具有多种组合样式,包括"人"或"之"字形等多种组合的断裂系统等,造就湖盆内复杂多变的构造古地貌及断裂坡折系统,严格控制着凹陷内砂体分散体系的沉积和堆积模式。揭示同沉积断裂(坡折)带的活动和分布,再造各沉积期次构造古地貌、断坡带是进行沉积体系展布模式和砂体分布预测的关键。     

吉林浑江煤田构造分区分带特征及赋煤规律

运用煤田构造与控煤构造研究方法,从浑江煤田地质构造展布的平面差异性分析入手,揭示了本区地质构造展布的分区、分带特征,指出南北方向上分为三带,东西向分为两区,不同的区带内赋煤规律有显著差异。受到SE—NW向的挤压,浑江地区发育SW—NE向的断裂及褶皱,成为控制煤系赋存形态的主要因素。浑江煤田西区因中生代以来构造活动较强烈,断裂较发育,对煤系的后期改造破坏较强烈;而东部煤系赋存于向斜构造内,受断裂破坏较小,但保存面积少于西部。     

Eutrophication,health risk assessment and spatial analysis of water quality in Gucheng Lake,China

The water characteristics of the Gucheng Lake, such as eutrophication, health and spatial distribution, were investigated. On the basis of the trophic state index (TSI) and entropy weight, a synthesized trophic state index (STSI) model was established to assess lake eutrophication condition through calculating STSI, choosing TP, TN, COD, BOD and NH₃-N as trophic variables. The STSI ranged from 50.58 to 62.44, which showed that the water has been between eutrophic and supereutrophic. A histogram was applied to health risk assessment which was analyzed from carcinogenic substances (Cr⁺⁶, As and Cd) and non-carcinogenic substances (hydroxybenzene, Pb, Hg, CN⁻ and NH₃), and the results showed that the former was much greater than the latter for effect. The total risk for each resident caused by all pollutants ranged from 5.18E-05 to 8.34E-05, which is far higher than the standard, recommended by Sweden Bureau of Environment Protection and Holland Ministry of Building and Environment Protection (1.0E-05). Cluster analysis was used to detect similarities and dissimilarities among the seven sampling sites and explain the observed clustering in terms of affected conditions. Twenty-one variables were used to divide seven sampling sites into three groups, namely, north lake, south lake and lake center.     

The impact of over 100 years of wildfires on mercury levels and accumulation rates in two lakes in southern California,USA

In southern California, USA, wildfires may be an important source of mercury (Hg) to local watersheds. Hg levels and Hg accumulation rates were investigated in dated sediment cores from two southern California lakes, Big Bear Lake and Crystal Lake, located approximately 40-km apart. Between 1895 and 2006, fires were routinely minimized or suppressed around Big Bear Lake, while fires regularly subsumed the forest surrounding Crystal Lake. Mean Hg concentrations and mean Hg accumulation rates were significantly higher in Crystal Lake sediments compared to Big Bear Lake sediments (Hg levels: Crystal Lake 220 ± 93 ng g⁻¹, Big Bear Lake 92 ± 26 ng g⁻¹; Hg accumulation: Crystal Lake 790 ± 1,200 μg m⁻² year⁻¹, Big Bear 240 ± 54 μg m⁻² year⁻¹). In Crystal Lake, the ratio between post-1965 and pre-1865 Hg concentrations was 1.1, and several spikes in Hg levels occurred between 1910 and 1985. Given the remote location of the lake, the proximity of fires, and the lack of point sources within the region, these results suggested wildfires (rather than industrial sources) were a continuous source of Hg to Crystal Lake over the last 150 years.     

大口黑鲈(Micropterus salmoides)致病性维氏气单胞菌的分离鉴定及其特性分析

大口黑鲈(Micropterus salmoides)是我国重要的淡水养殖经济鱼类品种,目前包括细菌性疾病在内的诸多因素影响了其养殖业的健康发展。维氏气单胞菌是引起淡水鱼败血症和溃疡综合征的重要病原菌。从患病大口黑鲈肝脏组织中分离到1株病原菌,通过形态学观察、生理生化特性分析、16S rRNA序列和特定毒力基因分析对其进行鉴定,并通过人工回归感染试验和药敏试验分析其致病性和耐药性。结果表明该菌为致病性维氏气单胞菌(Aeromonas veronii),含有aer、act、lip、fla、gcaT和OMPA I等毒力基因;药敏试验显示其对头孢曲松、氯霉素、氟苯尼考、强力霉素、四环素、多粘菌素、复方新诺明、左氟沙星等8种抗生素高度敏感,对新霉素、恩诺沙星、庆大霉素、链霉素、阿齐霉素、环丙沙星等6种抗生素中度敏感,对其他8种抗生素具有一定耐药性;人工回归感染实验表明该菌具有较高的致病性,对大口黑鲈的半致死浓度为1.4×10⁶ CFU/mL。维氏气单胞菌是水产养殖中的条件性致病菌,研究结果揭示了该菌株的部分生物学特性,有利于丰富维氏气单胞菌属的基础数据,同时也为鲈鱼养殖过程中的病害防控提供了一定的参考依据。