机场主导能见度仪器自动观测方法研究

主导能见度是航空活动能否正常进行的重要标准之一。伴随我国通用机场建设,主导能见度的自动观测具有重要的实际意义。本文使用中值法、图形比例法和均值法3种方法,利用机场现有多套能见度传感器进行主导能见度自动观测,并使用3种方法研究分析了天津、大连、海拉尔、成都和重庆5个机场2014年12月10日起连续100天的07:00和19:00 2个时间点的多能见度传感器测量值。结果表明:相比于中值法和图形比例法,均值法具有更小的观测偏差;观测原理和方法、能见度传感器数量、地区气候差异和观测位置差异是影响主导能见度自动观测数据质量的主要影响因素。     

西北太平洋楚科奇海沉积物-水界面营养盐输送通量估算

陆架区沉积物间隙水的营养盐再生是水体营养盐补充的重要途径之一。楚科奇海陆架区中部沉积物间隙水中的营养盐分布,是物理和生物扰动较弱状态下的沉积物-水界面的典型分布。本文对中国第4次北极科学考察采集的4个多管短柱沉积物样品及多管样站位的上层水样进行分析,得到沉积物间隙水、上覆水以及水柱中营养盐数据。结果表明,沉积物间隙水各营养盐浓度均先随沉积深度增加而呈指数快速升高,记为Ⅰ层;然后进入沉积物再矿化作用与营养盐移出速率相互抵消的稳定变化层,营养盐浓度在该阶段基本不变,记为Ⅱ层;最后是营养盐缓慢递减层,记为Ⅲ层,由于该层有机质降解作用耗尽氧气,NO-3和PO3-4被还原细菌利用而失去氧离子。通过双层模式和Fick第一扩散定律,计算得出楚科奇海沉积物-水界面硅酸盐、磷酸盐和硝酸盐的扩散通量分别为1.660mmol/(m2·d)(以Si计量)、0.008mmol/(m2·d)(以P计量)、0.117mmol/(m2·d)(以N计量)(以R06站为例)。四个调查站位沉积物中硅酸盐的扩散通量分别为3.101mmol/(m2·d)(以Si计量,CC1站)、1.660mmol/(m2·d)(以Si计量,R06站)、1.307mmol/(m2·d)(以Si计量,C07站)、0.243mmol/(m2·d)(以Si计量,S23站),含量呈现明显的纬度分布特征。沉积物间隙水N*的分布表明,楚科奇海沉积环境具有很强的反硝化过程,沉积物脱氮作用是硝酸盐一个重要的汇。     

一种顾及纹理特征的自适应密集匹配方法

针对半全局立体匹配(SGM)算法对于弱纹理区域误匹配率较高的问题,该文提出了一种顾及纹理特征的 自适应密集匹配方法,也是SGM算法与该文提出的一种跳过噪声点的区域增长 自适应窗口匹配算法的结合.首先,以某一待匹配点为中心构建一个一定大小的初始窗口.其次,计算窗口内其余各点与待匹配点灰度差的绝对值之和,根据该值的大小判断...     

Paleomagnetism of the earliest Cretaceous to early late Cretaceous sandstones, Khorat Group, Northeast Thailand: Implications for tectonic plate movement of the Indochina block

A total of 400 samples (33 sites) were collected from the earliest Cretaceous to early Late Cretaceous sandstones of the Khorat Group in the Indochina block for paleomagnetic study to unravel the tectonic evolution of the region. The sites were adopted from 3 traverses located in the northern edge of the Khorat Plateau, northeastern Thailand. Results indicate that almost all the sandstones exhibit similar magnetic values with an average declination (D) = 31.7°, inclination (I) = 30.3°, λ = 59.7°,  = 190.9°, K = 54.4, and A₉₅ = 3.7 at reference point 17°30′N and 103°30′E. The calculated paleolatitude points are inferred to deviate from the present latitude point by 1.2 ± 2.3°. Only the lowermost part of the Cretaceous sandstones can pass a positive fold test at 95% confidence level. The relationship between the virtual geomagnetic poles (VGPs) of Cretaceous rocks of the Indochina plate in Thailand and those of the South China plate advocate that there is a major displacement of Indochina along the northwest-trending Red River and associated faults by about 950 ± 150 km with a 16.0–17.0° clockwise rotation relative to the South China plate during earliest Cretaceous times. Paleomagnetic results of the early Late Cretaceous Indochina plate point to a 20–25° clockwise rotation relative to the present occurring since very Late Cretaceous (65 Myrs)–Early Neogene times which may be due to the collision between India and Asia.     

北京市沉降区CORS站高程基准变化分析

根据北京市连续运行参考站(CORS)系统多年累积的连续观测数据,研究CORS站坐标高程基准的变化规律,利用北京市沉降区高程水准复测的高差结果验证其准确性,得出以下结论:CORS站垂直方向运动普遍存在明显的周期变化,虽然部分测站的两种高差结果相差较大,但全球卫星导航系统(GNSS)高差与水准高差的趋势项相似度极高,北京市...     

Emission of fine organic aerosol from traditional charcoal broiling in China

The indoor PM_2.5 aerosol samples for charcoal broiling source under Chinese traditional charbroiling and the ambient fine aerosols samples (PM_2.5) were collected in Beijing to investigate the characteristics of the charcoal broiling source and its impact on the fine organic aerosols in the atmosphere. The concentrations of 20 species of the trace organic compounds, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), fatty acids, levoglucosan, and cholesterol in PM_2.5 were identified and quantified by GC/MS. The total PAHs and fatty acids emitted from charcoal broiling to PM_2.5 were 8.97 and 87,000 ng mg⁻¹ respectively. The concentrations of the light molecular weight (LMW) 3- and 4-ring PAHs were much higher than those of the high molecular weight (HMW) 5- and 6-ring PAHs. Fatty acids were the most abundant species in source profile, accounting for over 90% of all identified organic compounds. More polyunsaturated fatty acid (linoleic acids) than the saturated fatty acid (stearic acids) emitted in the cooking. Charcoal broiling is a minor source of PAHs compared to the source of biomass burning. Comparing the ratios of levoglucosan/fatty acid and levoglucosan/cholesterol in the charcoal broiling samples to the ambient samples, it is evident that meat cooking is an important source of fatty acids, but a less important source of cholesterol. Cooking, as one of the source of fine organic particles, plus other anthropogenic sources would be related to the formation of the severe haze occurred and spread over the urban atmosphere in most of the cities of China in the past several years.     

荔枝越冬期间冠层气温与大气温度关系的初步分析

基于野外实测数据,按晴天、阴天、雨天、多云到晴等天气类型,分析2007/2008年、2008/2009年冬季荔枝果园大气温度、冠层气温与观测站大气温度的变化关系,结果表明:晴天荔枝冠层温度昼夜变化最为剧烈,多云到晴天气次之,阴天和雨天冠层大气温度变化相对平缓;果园和观测站大气温度昼夜变化同样与天气类型有关.按天气类型分别建立的观测站与荔枝冠层之间的夜间、白天和全天大气温度线性、曲线回归关系模型表明:阴天和雨天模型效果好于多云到晴、晴天天气,夜间模型好于全天和白天.这一结果对应用观测站大气温度开展荔枝寒害冻害监测有参考作用.     

新一代天气雷达三维数字组网软件系统设计与实现

天气雷达三维格点组网基数据具有多方面的应用价值,而且,新一代天气雷达观测资料目前基本上都可以实时传输到区域中心,为充分发挥雷达网的作用,基于近期相关具有实用性的研究成果,在国内首次研制了新一代天气雷达三维数字组网软件系统.系统以后台数据处理为核心,辅以简便的控制界面,多线程编程技术提高了系统数据处理的效率,模块化的多线程管理便于扩展新算法模块,混合语言编程技术缩短了科研成果业务化应用的周期.系统可在微机上运行,进行高时空分辨率的区域雷达三维数字组网以及二次产品生成.     

超折射回波自动探测算法在临近预报中的应用

本文介绍了一种对雷达基资料进行处理的超折射回波自动探测算法,该算法针对超折射回波的特征,利用多普勒径向速度中值、反射率因子水平突变率和反射率因子垂直梯度,在雷达体扫描最底层PPI上逐库处理,以识别超折射回波.在北京奥运会天气预报示范项目测试期间,超折射回波自动探测算法在"葡萄-雨燕"临近预报系统中得到应用,结果表明:该算法能够剔除天津雷达探测到的大量的超折射回波,尤其是反射率因子水平突变率参数和反射率因子垂直梯度能够有效的分离出与降水回波混合在一起的超折射回波;进而,在定量降水产品中运用该算法的处理结果,可以明显的改善其精度.