西昌锦屏地区的旅游地质资源

作为一种新兴的旅游形式，地质旅游因以地质考察与旅游活动的有机结合而达到追求返璞归真与休闲猎奇的目的。本文重点介绍了西昌锦屏地区的几处自然景点和地质旅游路线。该地区的自然、地质景观极具开发潜力。     

Maximum-likelihood ambiguity resolution based on Bayesian principle

 Based on the Bayesian principle and the fact that GPS carrier-phase ambiguities are integers, the posterior distribution of the ambiguities and the position parameters is derived. This is then used to derive the maximum posterior likelihood solution of the ambiguities. The accuracy of the integer ambiguity solution and the position parameters is also studied according to the posterior distribution. It is found that the accuracy of the integer solution depends not only on the variance of the corresponding float ambiguity solution but also on its values. Received: 27 July 1999 / Accepted: 22 November 2000     

1998年夏季500hPa行星尺度环流系统对长江流域“二度梅”的影响

利用NCEP／NCAR1998年5－8月逐日500hPa高度场再分析资料及中国国家气象中心整编的同时段全国160站降水资料，就1998年夏季500hPa行星尺度环流系统对长江流域“二度梅”的影响进行了深入研究。结果发现，鄂霍次克海附近阻塞高压加强（减弱）和副热带西太平洋高压西部强度减弱（加强）的反位相变化是造成长江中下游和东北大部分地区的降水增加（减少）的重要原因。     

利用数字化雷达回波参数分析人工增雨播云条件

利用数字化测雨雷达观测的层状云雷达立体扫描资料和探空资料，分析得出层状云降水部分特征，并利用多元逐步回归获得催化作业效果指标y=2.0mm.h^-1，在使用雷达立体扫描资料进行人工增雨作业时指导方面做了探讨。     

Climate Change in China from 1880 to 1998 and its Impact on the Environmental Condition

The global mean surface air temperature (SAT) or the Northern Hemisphere mean SAT has increased since the late nineteenth century, but the mean precipitation around the world has not formed a definite tendency to increase. A lot of studies showed that different climate and environmental changes during the past 100 years over various regions in the world were experienced. The climate change in China over the past 100 years and its impact on China's environmental conditions needs to be investigated in more detail.Data sets of surface air temperature and atmospheric precipitation over China since 1880 up to the present are now available. In this paper, a drought index has been formulated corresponding to both the temperature and precipitation. Based on three series of temperature, precipitation, and drought index, interdecadal changes in all 7 regions of China and temperature differences among individual regions are analyzed. Some interesting facts are revealed using the wavelet transform method. In Northeast China, the aridification trend has become more serious since 1970s. Drought index in North China has also reached a high value during 1990s, which seems similar to that period 1920s–1940s. In NorthwestChina, the highest temperature appeared over the period 1930s–1940s. Along the Yangtze River valley in central eastern China and Southwest China, interdecadal high temperature occurred from 1920s to 1940s and in 1990s, but the drought climate mainly appeared from 1920s to early 1940s. In South China, temperature remained at a high value over the period 1910s–1940s,but the smaller-scale variation of drought index was remarkable from 1880 to 1998. Consequently, the quasi-20-year oscillation (smaller-scale variation) and the quasi-70-year oscillation (secular variation) obviously exist in temperature and precipitation series in different regions over China.Climate change and intensified human activity in China have induced certain environmental evolutions, such as the frequency change of dust-storm event in northern China, no-flow in the lower reaches of the Yellow River and the runoff variation in Northwest China. On the other hand, frequent floods along the Yangtze River and high frequency of drought disaster have resulted in tremendous economic losses in the last decade in China. The primary reason for these happenings may be attributed to the evolution of the monsoon system in East Asian.     

由APRGP97～APRGP99的GPS联测资料确定的亚太地区地壳形变

使用伪无基准（pseudo nonfiducial）算法、利用GIPSY软件，归算了APRGP97、APRGP98 和APRGP99的GPS资料．对大多数站所得解的站座标的精度:南北分量是1～2mm，东西分量是2～5mm，垂直分量是5～10mm；并初步获得亚太地区84个站在ITRF97中的运动速度，其水平方向的精度约为1～4mm/a．基于ITRF97速度场建立一个新的现今全球板块运动模型ITRF97VEL，由此获得这些站相对于该模型的现今形变速度，并对这些站相对欧亚板块的运动情况作了初步分析．      

南京地区中暑天气条件指数研究预报

本文采用南京地区1988－1997年每年夏季逐日各项气象要素及全市各医院同期重症中暑人数进行统计筛选出热夏年：1988年、1994年、1995年，对这三年中暑期重症中暑病例资料与气象资料进行相关统计分析，找出相关性较好的气象因子，经过方程化筛选，得出气温、湿度、气压、对中暑影响较大。三日滑动平均值为主要预报因子。设计中暑指数数学模式。根据中暑病病理、程度将中暑天气条件分三个等级，给出三个不同的中暑天气条件指数临界值，经过1998年、1999年试报验证，准确率较高，社会效益较好。该指数预测模式基本可行。     

南海及邻区地壳上地幔三维S波速度结构的面波波形反演>.

对南海及邻区中国数字地震台网４个台站接收到的328条长周期地震记录的面波波形进行分块波形反演．分块波形反演把大尺度的优化问题转化为小尺度的优化问题，采用非线性优化方法求解，从而得到南海及邻区22网格划分、从地表深至430ｋｍ 的地壳上地幔三维S波速度结构，并用检验板法进行了分辨率分析．结果表明，海域、岛弧和大陆在速度分布、岩石圈和软流圈存在明显的结构差异．      

GIS支持下的地震诱发滑坡危险区预测研究

为了满足对地震诱发滑坡危险区预测的不断增长的迫切要求，灾害评价成为帮助决策过程重要的基础工具之一。即使地震滑坡危险性各组份的评价很困难，但地理信息可辅助提出这种灾害制图的有关方法。描述了用于地理信息系统识别和定量计算不同地震滑坡危险区的技术方法，确定了地震烈度、地形坡度、岩土体类型和现存滑坡密度共4个因子参与的地震诱发滑坡危险性分析。在ARC／INFO DRID支持下，进行叠合分析，由此编制了云南省地震诱发滑坡危险区预测图。由地貌学家提出的地震诱发滑坡预测为规划和工程师提供了对区域规划和建筑工程有价值的技术方法。     

中国北方沙漠化的若干问题

随着经济、社会的发展,沙漠化问题对自然环境和社会发展的影响愈来愈深刻,已得到国际社会的普遍重视,作为沙漠化问题极其严重的国家,我国在对沙漠化的认识及治理上,经过多年工作取得了一些成就.本文根据已有的经验和研究成果,就中国北方沙漠化的成因、发展过程、灾害评价及防治机理等方面做一简单探讨,以便为今后更好地开展沙漠化研究工作起一定的参考作用.