地下水源热泵系统热平衡预测三维数值模拟

为了准确模拟预测地下水源热泵系统运行期间的地下水渗流场与温度场的变化规律,避免未来地下水源热泵系统运行期间出现的冷热贯通现象与堆积问题,科学合理地设计地下水源热泵系统。以江苏南通益兴集团地下水源热泵示范工程为例,建立了地下水渗流与热量运移三维耦合数值模型,并结合地下水源热泵系统的设计运行方案,预测分析了未来地下水源热泵系统的热平衡发展趋势。结果表明,该工程按设计方案运行,整个区域地下水温度逐渐升高,出现热堆积问题。采用春秋季与冬季多加热生活用水增加制热负荷量的方法,可有效缓解热堆积问题。     

The mechanism of hindering occupants’ evacuation from seismic responses of building

Natural Hazards - Pedestrian evacuation from buildings during an earthquake needs to consider human behavior and building shaking. This study sets up an indoor evacuation model based on the social...     

Energy transition,CO2 mitigation,and air pollutant emission reduction: scenario analysis from IPAC model

The salinization of freshwater-dependent coastal ecosystems precedes inundation by sea level rise. This type of saltwater intrusion places communities, ecosystems, and infrastructure at substantial risk. Risk perceptions of local residents are an indicator to gauge public support for climate change adaptation planning. Here, we document residential perspectives on the present and future threats posed by saltwater intrusion in a rural, low-lying region in coastal North Carolina, and we compare the spatial distribution of survey responses to physical landscape variables such as distance to coastline, artificial drainage density, elevation, saltwater intrusion vulnerability, and actual salinity measured during a synoptic field survey. We evaluate and discuss the degree of alignment or misalignment between risk perceptions and metrics of exposure to saltwater intrusion. Risk perceptions align well with the physical landscape characteristics, as residents with greater exposure to saltwater intrusion, including those living on low-lying land with high concentrations of artificial drainages, perceive greater risk than people living in low-exposure areas. Uncertainty about threats of saltwater intrusion is greatest among those living at higher elevations, whose properties and communities are less likely to be exposed to high salinity. As rising sea levels, drought, and coastal storms increase the likelihood of saltwater intrusion in coastal regions, integrated assessments of risk perceptions and physical exposure are critical for developing outreach activities and planning adaptation measures.

     

城市轨道交通车站基坑事故统计分析

本文从工程风险的角度对所搜集的52例城市轨道交通车站基坑事故进行分析,归纳了6种事故类型,并明确指出"渗流破坏、支撑失稳、坑内滑坡"为最常见的三类事故。通过对各事故类型进行事故原因的统计分析,得知地下水的防治是关乎基坑工程安全的首要因素,不规范作业是基坑事故发生的第二诱因。     

三峡工程库区巴东县赵树岭滑坡稳定性与防治对策研究

赵树岭滑坡是三峡工程库区的重要滑坡，其稳定性直接关系到巴东新县城沿江大道的安全，并对新县城土地利用意义重大。在阐述赵树岭滑坡基本特征的基础上，运用水岩耦合三维有限元数值方法模拟了滑坡稳定性，预测了三峡水库蓄水后滑坡稳定性发展趋势和渗流特征。研究表明，水库蓄水及水位波动是影响滑坡稳定性的主要因素，三峡水库蓄水后，滑坡将发生局部失稳，必须加以治理，提出了滑坡防治的原则与对策。     

Stable silicon isotopes of groundwater, feldspars, and clay coatings in the Navajo Sandstone aquifer, Black Mesa, Arizona, USA

We present some of the first analyses of the stable isotopic composition of dissolved silicon (Si) in groundwater. The groundwater samples were from the Navajo Sandstone aquifer at Black Mesa, Arizona, USA, and the Si isotope composition of detrital feldspars and secondary clay coatings in the aquifer were also analyzed. Silicon isotope compositions were measured using high-resolution multi-collector inductively coupled mass spectrometry (HR-MC-ICP-MS) (Nu1700 & NuPlasma HR). The quartz dominated bulk rock and feldspar separates have similar δ³⁰Si of −0.09 ± 0.04‰ and −0.15 ± 0.04‰ (±95% SEM), respectively, and clay separates are isotopically lighter by up to 0.4‰ compared to the feldspars. From isotopic mass-balance considerations, co-existing aqueous fluids should have δ³⁰Si values heavier than the primary silicates. Positive δ³⁰Si values were only found in the shallow aquifer, where Si isotopes are most likely fractionated during the dissolution of feldspars and subsequent formation of clay minerals. However, δ³⁰Si decreases along the flow path from 0.56‰ to −1.42‰, representing the most negative dissolved Si isotope composition so far found for natural waters. We speculate that the enrichment in ²⁸Si is due to dissolution of partly secondary clay minerals and low-temperature silcretes in the Navajo Sandstone. The discovery of the large range and systematic shifts of δ³⁰Si values along a groundwater flow path illustrates the potential utility of stable Si isotopes for deciphering the Si cycling in sedimentary basins, tracing fluid flow, and evaluating global Si cycle.     

用优势应力分量逼近方法反演分析某水电站地下厂房区地应力状态

本文叙述了应用有限元优势应力分量逼近反演分析地应力场的方法。该方法通过少数点实测应力结果,结合工程地质资料,采用有限元数值模拟分析的方法反演工程区初始应力场。利用该方法并结合某水电站工程的实际情况进行了电站主厂房的地应力场分析,得到了在优势应力分量上与实测值相拟合的工程区剖面最大、最小主应力量值及其方向的分布图,并对工程区整体应力分布状况做了分析与探讨。     

水库诱发地震讨论及其动力学机制分析

本文介绍了几个典型水库地震事件,总结了目前对水库诱发地震的分析方法及其依据,重点从地震发生的时间、空间、强度、活动特征、震源深度5个方面介绍了水库诱发地震的特征,最后简要分析了水库诱发地震的动力学机制,认为通过人为调整库水载荷大小等因素来研究水库地震活动性,对于研究地震触发及地震预报等有重要的社会价值和科学意义。     

Middle Pleistocene bivalves of the İznik lake basin (Eastern Marmara, NW Turkey) and a new paleobiogeographical approach

?znik Lake is a tectonically originated basin mainly controlled by the E–W trending middle strand of the North Anatolian Fault (NAF) system. Pleistocene sediments occurring in front of the faults are well exposed both in the northern and in the southern shorelines of the basin. In this study, two endemic brackish water bivalve species, Didacna subpyramidata Pravoslavkev 1939 and Didacna nov. sp. were found in the oldest terrace of the northern Pleistocene sequence. Having characterized morphology, these species serve as stratigraphic indicators in the regional Pleistocene stratigraphy of the Ponto-Caspian region, and thus are well correlated to the assemblages of the early Khazarian subhorizon (Middle Pleistocene). Hence, these data demonstrate that the early Khazarian brackish water sea covered the study area. Additionally, a model for the formation of the basin is proposed: the ?znik lake basin was a gulf of the former Marmara Sea in the early Khazarian, connecting the Marmara to the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea. The subsequent regional prograding uplifts, main dextral strike-slip fault and many normal faults of the NAF Zone cut off the marine connections to the basin, leading to its present location and topographic level.     

微波作用下化学助剂在细粉煤脱水中的应用研究

探讨了在微波加热条件下加入表面活性剂和溶剂油等有机溶剂对脱水效果的影响，力求找出其中的脱水规律。结果表明：微波脱水效果明显，同时，表面活性剂能够大大降低滤饼含湿量，而且非离子表面活性剂的效果比阳离子、阴离子好，柴油也能促进粉煤的脱水。