陕西镇安县桂林沟钼矿成矿特征及成矿要素分析

潼关—柞水—宁陕区域性北东向构造岩浆岩带控制了矿区岩浆岩体、矿区构造和钼矿化带的产出及其规模,矿区次级断裂构造为成矿物质聚集提供了有利的储存空间,中酸性岩浆活动及其热液蚀变控制了成矿物质的迁移、富集.区域性北东向构造岩浆岩带具有良好的找矿前景,应引起相关矿产勘查工作的高度重视.     

Geochemical distribution and removal of As,Fe, Mn and Al in a surface water system affected by acid mine drainage at a coalfield in Southwestern China

The chemical characteristics, formation and natural attenuation of pollutants in the coal acid mine drainage (AMD) at Xingren coalfield, Southwest China, are discussed in this paper based on the results of a geochemical investigation as well as geological and hydrogeological background information. The chemical composition of the AMD is controlled by the dissolution of sulfide minerals in the coal seam, the initial composition of the groundwater and the water–rock interaction. The AMD is characterized by high sulfate concentrations, high levels of dissolved metals (Fe, Al, Mn, etc.) and low pH values. Ca²⁺ and SO₄ ²⁻ are the dominant cation and anion in the AMD, respectively, while Ca²⁺ and HCO₃ ⁻ are present at significant levels in background water and surface water after the drainage leaves the mine site. The pH and alkalinity increase asymptotically with the distance along the flow path, while concentrations of sulfate, ferrous iron, aluminum and manganese are typically controlled by the deposition of secondary minerals. Low concentrations of As and other pollutants in the surface waters of the Xingren coalfield could be due to relatively low quantities being released from coal seams, to adsorption and coprecipitation on secondary minerals in stream sediments, and to dilution by unpolluted surface recharge. Although As is not the most serious water quality problem in the Xingren region at present, it is still a potential environmental problem. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

中国南方发现大型文石笋

中国南方大量石笋剖面研究表明,石笋矿物组成有方解石、文石、方解石-文石三种类型。石笋沉积纹(微)层结构构造特征大同小异,但是文石石笋的放射状纹(微)层构造更显著。文石石笋沉积生长的气候环境是滴水多而稳定,水温低、气温略高的冷、湿的洞穴气候条件。文石转变为方解石常保留文石的针状、柱状晶形,并存在于石笋沉积生长的始终。文石结构构造转化在常温或低温、常压或低压下自调整作用的成晶成岩环境进行,其强度取决于所在洞穴气候环境、滴水在石笋的渗流和石笋的含水度。转化作用不影响同位素分馏,石笋同时全面记录古气候环境信息。研究文石石笋对重建古气候环境、成岩成矿作用都有重要理论和实践意义。     

粤北大沟谷式金矿地质特征及成因探讨

大沟谷金矿是我国首次发现的赋存于韧-脆性剪切带内碎裂钠长石岩中的新类型金矿床。金矿化与钠长石化、黄铁矿化和碎裂岩化有关。矿体受韧-脆性剪切带、钠长石比、黄铁矿化,加里东期低绿片岩相变质岩的共同控制。矿石矿物组合以自然金-金属硫化物-架状硅酸盐为主的组合类型,并伴有碳酸盐。矿床属于在韧一脆性剪切作用下,与含金量较高的震旦系乐昌峡群变质岩形成、演化有成因联系的蚀变、重熔、交代中高温动力热液改造型金矿床。     

世界岩溶地貌和洞穴考察研究的先驱——徐霞客

<正> 我们伟大的祖国,山河壮丽,奇景遍布。在纵横万里的神州大地上,十分之一的陆地面积是岩溶出露区,加上埋藏在地下的碳酸盐岩,岩溶总的分布面积达340km~2。其间有丰富多彩的岩溶形态,各种各样的岩溶地貌类型和难以胜数的地下洞穴。从世界最高峰至海平面附近都有岩溶地貌分布,从海拔近6000m的高山到地下2000～3000m深处都有岩溶洞穴存在。优越的自然环境,为我国的岩溶研究提供了得天独厚的有利条件。      

东海陆架盆地伸展率和压缩率及构造跃迁

东海陆架盆地位于欧亚板块的东南缘和西太平洋活动大陆边缘,本文选取了东海陆架盆地主要凹陷的17条地震剖面,采用平衡剖面技术,计算了主要凹陷新生代不同演化阶段的伸展率和压缩率。分析表明,东海陆架盆地构造演化总体由西向东跃迁。晚白垩世至晚古新世东海陆架盆地裂陷中心在西部坳陷带,始新世东迁至东部坳陷带,上新世东迁至东海陆架盆地东侧的冲绳海槽盆地。古新世中后期东海陆架盆地西部坳陷带北侧昆山凹陷反转; 中新世东部坳陷带的西湖凹陷反转。东海陆架盆地西部坳陷带与东部坳陷带构造演化不同,证明了东海陆架盆地的东西分带。西部坳陷带北部的长江坳陷和南部的台北坳陷构造演化不同,东部坳陷带北部的西湖凹陷和南部的钓北凹陷构造演化不同,证明了东海陆架盆地的南北分块.     

Incorporating hydro-mechanical coupling in an analysis of the effects of rainfall patterns on unsaturated soil slope stability

Rainfall-induced landslides can cause loss of life and damage to property, infrastructure, and the environment. Rainfall patterns affect the pore-water pressure of unsaturated soil slopes, and are related to the slopes’ stability. Four rainfall patterns were chosen to represent natural rainfall patterns for an examination of rainfall infiltration into soil slopes using numerical models incorporating coupled water infiltration and deformation in unsaturated soils. Our analysis showed that rainfall patterns play a significant role in the distribution of the pore-water pressure in soil slopes, and influence the slope stability. The pore-water pressure profile of soil slopes and the factor of safety are affected by the ratio of rainfall intensity and the coefficient of permeability. The depth and shape of the shallow sliding plane of the landslide is closely related to the rainfall pattern; moreover, the results showed a correlation between the factor of safety of the slope and the rainfall intensity. This relationship can be described by a dimensionless rainfall intensity. The nonlinear relationship can be used to estimate the slope stability resulting from rainfall infiltration when the hydro-mechanical coupling in unsaturated soil slopes is considered.     

大营子蚀变岩型金矿床地质特征及控矿因素的研究

大营子蚀变岩型金矿主档是冀北地区新发现的一种金矿类型。矿体赋存于太古代角闪角变质岩系，特别是变质闪长岩体周边及内侧，受ＮＥ、ＮＮＥ向剪切破碎带控制，常在其傍侧断裂形成羽状矿脉。     

赣南上围地区控矿断裂特征与铀成矿关系

位于江西省龙南县上围地区出露的燕山期花岗质复式岩体明显受北东向马屎山硅化断裂带和鹅形石英断裂夹持控制,是有利的产铀岩体,已探明291铀矿床和292矿点。岩体内断裂作用强烈,热液蚀变和铀矿化现象普遍。经地质调查,在岩体内识别出北东向断裂6条和北北东向断裂11条及若干北西—北西西向断裂。其中,北东向断裂主要包括岩体西部的硅化带和东部的石英断裂;北北东向断裂主要包括岩体东部的蚀变碎裂岩带和西部硅化破碎带;北西—北西西向断裂多被中基性岩脉充填,主要包括501～504号脉。北北东向断裂与铀成矿关系最密切,是容矿断裂。断裂的规模和产状控制了铀矿体的空间分布和展布形态,断裂性质控制了铀矿化类型,断裂变形程度控制铀矿化蚀变分带,断裂与中基性岩脉复合控制了富铀矿体的产出形态。     

灰色系统理论在地下水水质预报中的应用

本文论述了“灰色系统”理论,模型建立步骤以及计算、检验、精度分析方法,并用郑州市地下水中氯离子浓度随时间变化作为实例进行了具体的预报。