新疆叶城地区第四纪粗砂砾层沉积及其与昆仑山隆起的关系*

采用粒度分析、岩石岩性分析、砾石统计等方法,本文认为新疆叶城地区第四纪粗砂砾层为冲积-洪积类型。沉积物的组分结构及其空间分布呈带状变化规律。沉积物分布受昆仑山强烈隆起的控制,反映了昆仑山隆起的时代和阶段性。     

秦巴地区矿产资源和成矿分布规律

对秦巴地区的成矿地质构造进行了分区和分期,定量地论述了区域矿产资源的特色和组成总貌,全面系统地总结论述了7种矿床类型及其成矿特征,阐述了区域成矿分布规律,反映了该区矿产地质的研究现状。     

上海市南部地区地震危险性分析

本文通过对工作区内地震地质、地球物理场特征研究,确定了场区周围九个潜在震源区,分析计算得出各潜在震源区的地震活动性参数。用概率论的方法,以洪华生等人提出的《断层—破裂模型》计算得到上海市南部地区地震烈度年超越概率以及10、20、50、100、200、300、500年内场区的地震影响烈度超越概率,并对这一地区的地震危险性进行了估计。     

横向受荷桩的最轻重量设计

尝试建立变截面桩的挠曲线微分方程，继而提出了变截面优化桩的概念，并给出了端承桩的一种优化算法。还以圆截面大孔径挖孔灌注桩为例，在桩顶受竖向荷载、水平横向力及弯矩作用时，进行了最轻重量设计。通过计算表明，使用变截面优化桩可使桩的体积减少３０％以上。     

围岩参数Monte－Carlo有限元反分析

提出了应用隧道施工监测的随机值，采用蒙特一卡罗（Ｍｏｎｔｅ－Ｃａｒｌｏ）有限元随机反分析以反推地层参数和初始地应力分布的方法。反推参数不仅给出其均值，还给出参数的方差及分布类型，为地下结构稳定性和可靠性分析提供必要数据。为检验所提的反分析方法对工程的实用性，文中给出了一个实例。     

Geology and Genesis of the Mafic—Ultramafic Complexes in the Huangshan—Jingerquan（HJ） Belt,East Xinjiang

More than twenty mafic-ultramafic complexes, which host several mediumor large-sized Cu−Ni deposits, occur along the Huangshan-Jingerquan (HJ) belt in East Xinjiang. Rock types in these complexes are predominated by peridotite, pyroxene peridotite, olivine pyroxenite, gabbronorite, orthopyroxene gabbro, troctolite, gabbro and diorite. The ultramafic rocks are relatively Fe-enriched and are characterized by an assemblage of olivine+orthopyroxene+clinopyroxene+hornblende±plagioclase without obvious metamorphic textures. Chemically, these complexes are relatively Fe-enriched and show a tholeiitic trend of evolution. The complexes in this belt are intruded under the extensional environment in a Mid-Carboniferous back-arc basin. They can be considered as a new type of mafic-ultramafic complexes in orogenic belts, as designated by the name of the East-Xinjiang-type complexes. This project was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.     

The use of geochemical indicator elements in the exploration for hot water sources within geothermal fields

Soils, rocks, altered rocks, hot and cold waters, and hot spring precipitates were sampled within and on the outskirts of geothermal fields in China. The contents of thirty trace elements in soils and rocks show that Hg, As, Sb, Bi, Li, Rb, Cs, Au, Ag, B, W, Sn, Pb, Zn, Mn, Ni and Co can serve as direct and indirect indicators for geothermal field exploration. Large amounts of data indicate that Hg, As and Sb are the best indicators of hot water sources. Altered rocks contain higher Hg, As, Sb, Bi and Be than unaltered rocks. Based on their abundances in hot waters, it is suggested that the following elements may be used as hydrochemical indicators of high-temperature hot-water geothermal systems: K⁺, Na⁺, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, SO²⁻₄, HCO⁻₃, F⁻, Cl⁻, SiO₂, HBO₂, CO₂, pH, total dissolved solids and hydrochemical types, as well as Hg, As, Sb, Be, Li, Rb and Cs. Modern precipitates associated with hot springs have high contents of Ba, Be, Fe, Ti, Hg, As, Sb and Bi. Using these geochemical data, the authors have had much success in locating hot water drill sites within geothermal fields. Case histories are described for five geothermal areas.     

The mapping of geochemical provinces in China based on Pb isotopes

The comparison of Pb isotopic compositions for various ores and rocks has revealed that the lateral variation between different terranes is greater than the vertical variation between crust and mantle, which is useful for geochemical mapping. Based on a three dimensional topological diagram of Pb isotopes, six geochemical provinces can be recognized in China, namely southern China, Yangtze, northern China, northern Xinjiang, Jiamusi and Tibet. The application of Pb isotopes to regional mapping provides important background data for geochemical prospecting as it establishes the tectonic boundaries of terrenes and identifies the source regions of mineralization, magmatism and sedimentation. It also provides information on the origin of pollution and cultural relics.     

A loess-paleosol dating method

Based on the non-diachronic nature of loess- paleosol sequences, a paleosol dating method is suggested. Based on this method, the extant drainage system of the Yellow River was found to be 1.67-1.45 Ma old. During its existence, six fluvial terraces and two alluvial plains were formed. In the deposits of this time interval, studied in 400 sections, 33 cycles were identified in the sequence built of aquatic sediments and paleosol. Correlation of loess, paleosol, and aquatic sediment sequences of China and other regions points to a 0.4 Ma periodicity in the hydrologic regime and in the denudational processes. This periodicity might be related to global climatic changes due to changes of orbital parameters of the Earth.     

用于深井、高温井泥浆的粘土材料

根据粘土的结构特点，分析了膨润土、海泡石、累托石泥浆在高温条件下的特性，提出了适用于高温泥浆的粘土材料。